PEM / పర్సనల్ ఎసెన్స్ మెథడాలజీ (Personal Essence Methodology)

PEM బిబ్లియోగ్రఫీ

01. కాగ్నిటివ్ బయాసెస్ మరియు హ్యూరిస్టిక్స్ (పునాది)

కాగ్నిటివ్ బయాసెస్ (cognitive biases), హ్యూరిస్టిక్స్ (heuristics), డ్యూయల్-ప్రాసెస్ రీజనింగ్ (dual-process reasoning) మరియు మానవ తీర్పు యొక్క సాధారణ నిర్మాణానికి సంబంధించిన పునాది మరియు అవలోకన (overview) పనులు. ఇక్కడి మూలాధారాలు పక్షపాతాన్ని (bias) ఒక దృగ్విషయంగా (phenomenon) స్థాపిస్తాయి లేదా విస్తృత సాహిత్యాన్ని సంశ్లేషణ చేస్తాయి.

పుస్తకాలు

1. R1 — Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, Fast and Slow. Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
2. R2 — Ariely, D. (2008). Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our Decisions. HarperCollins.
3. R3 — Ariely, D. (2010). The Upside of Irrationality. HarperCollins.
4. R4 — Ariely, D. (2012). The Honest Truth About Dishonesty: How We Lie to Everyone—Especially Ourselves. Harper.
5. R7 — Gigerenzer, G. (2007). Gut Feelings: The Intelligence of the Unconscious. Viking.
6. R9 — Gigerenzer, G. (2008). Rationality for Mortals: How People Cope with Uncertainty. Oxford University Press.
7. R10 — Gigerenzer, G., Todd, P. M., & ABC Research Group. (1999). Simple Heuristics That Make Us Smart. Oxford University Press.
8. R15 — Gilovich, T. (1991). How We Know What Isn't So: The Fallibility of Human Reason in Everyday Life. Free Press.
9. R16 — Gilovich, T., Griffin, D., & Kahneman, D. (Eds.). (2002). Heuristics and Biases: The Psychology of Intuitive Judgment. Cambridge University Press.
10. R22 — Baron, J. (2008). Thinking and Deciding (4th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
11. R27 — Heuer, R. J. (1999). Psychology of Intelligence Analysis. Center for the Study of Intelligence.
12. R28 — Kahneman, D., Slovic, P., & Tversky, A. (Eds.). (1982). Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases. Cambridge University Press.
13. R48 — Chabris, C., & Simons, D. (2010). The Invisible Gorilla: How Our Intuitions Deceive Us. Crown.
14. R55 — Hastie, R., & Dawes, R. M. (2010). Rational Choice in an Uncertain World: The Psychology of Judgment and Decision Making. SAGE Publications.
15. R76 — Lewis, M. (2016). The Undoing Project: A Friendship That Changed Our Minds. W. W. Norton.
16. R103 — Trivers, R. (2011). The Folly of Fools: The Logic of Deceit and Self-Deception in Human Life. Basic Books.
17. R141 — Bazerman, M. H., & Moore, D. A. (2012). Judgment in Managerial Decision Making (8th ed.). Wiley.
18. R150 — Shotton, R. (2018). The Choice Factory: 25 Behavioural Biases That Influence What We Buy. Harriman House.
19. R152 — Mercier, H., & Sperber, D. (2017). The Enigma of Reason. Harvard University Press.
20. R153 — Stanovich, K. E. (2009). What Intelligence Tests Miss: The Psychology of Rational Thought. Yale University Press.
21. R215 — Munger, C. (2005). Poor Charlie's Almanack: The Wit and Wisdom of Charles T. Munger. Donning Company.
22. R279 — Dobelli, R. (2013). The Art of Thinking Clearly. Harper / HarperCollins.

వ్యాసాలు, పేపర్లు మరియు అధ్యాయాలు

ఫౌండేషనల్ ట్వెర్స్కీ (Tversky) & కానెమాన్ (Kahneman) పేపర్స్

23. R289 — Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1973). Availability: A heuristic for judging frequency and probability. Cognitive Psychology, 5(2), 207–232.
24. R290 — Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1974). Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Science, 185(4157), 1124–1131.
25. R291 — Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1971). Belief in the law of small numbers. Psychological Bulletin, 76(2), 105–110.
26. R292 — Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1973). On the psychology of prediction. Psychological Review, 80(4), 237–251.
27. R294 — Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1983). Extensional versus intuitive reasoning: The conjunction fallacy in probability judgment. Psychological Review, 90(4), 293–315.
28. R298 — Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1972). Subjective probability: A judgment of representativeness. Cognitive Psychology, 3(3), 430–454.
29. R305 — Kahneman, D., & Frederick, S. (2002). Representativeness revisited: Attribute substitution in intuitive judgment. In T. Gilovich, D. Griffin, & D. Kahneman (Eds.), Heuristics and Biases: The Psychology of Intuitive Judgment (pp. 49–81). Cambridge University Press.

అవైలబిలిటీ హ్యూరిస్టిక్

30. R306 — Schwarz, N., Bless, H., Strack, F., Klumpp, G., Rittenauer-Schatka, H., & Simons, A. (1991). Ease of retrieval as information: Another look at the availability heuristic. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(2), 195–202.
31. R307 — Lichtenstein, S., Slovic, P., Fischhoff, B., Layman, M., & Combs, B. (1978). Judged frequency of lethal events. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 4(6), 551–578.
32. R308 — Kuran, T., & Sunstein, C. R. (1999). Availability cascades and risk regulation. Stanford Law Review, 51(4), 683–768.

బేస్-రేట్, రిప్రజెంటేటివ్‌నెస్ (Representativeness), కంజంక్షన్ (Conjunction)

33. R349 — Gigerenzer, G., & Hoffrage, U. (1995). How to improve Bayesian reasoning without instruction: Frequency formats. Psychological Review, 102(4), 684–704.
34. R350 — Bar-Hillel, M. (1980). The base-rate fallacy in probability judgments. Acta Psychologica, 44(3), 211–233.
35. R351 — Koehler, J. J. (1996). The base rate fallacy reconsidered. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 19(1), 1–17.
36. R352 — Meehl, P. E., & Rosen, A. (1955). Antecedent probability and the efficiency of psychometric signs, patterns, or cutting scores. Psychological Bulletin, 52(3), 194–216.
37. R353 — Hattori, M., & Nishida, Y. (2009). Why does the base rate appear to be ignored? Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 16(6), 1065–1070.

యాంకరింగ్ (Anchoring) & ఫ్రేమింగ్

38. R293 — Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1981). The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice. Science, 211(4481), 453–458.
39. R386 — Strack, F., & Mussweiler, T. (1997). Explaining the enigmatic anchoring effect: Mechanisms of selective accessibility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73(3), 437–446.
40. R387 — Epley, N., & Gilovich, T. (2006). The anchoring-and-adjustment heuristic: Why the adjustments are insufficient. Psychological Science, 17(4), 311–318.
41. R388 — Englich, B., Mussweiler, T., & Strack, F. (2006). Playing dice with criminal sentences. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32(2), 188–200.
42. R389 — Ariely, D., Loewenstein, G., & Prelec, D. (2003). "Coherent arbitrariness": Stable demand curves without stable preferences. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118(1), 73–106.
43. R390 — Chapman, G. B., & Johnson, E. J. (2002). Incorporating the irrelevant: Anchors in judgments of belief and value. In T. Gilovich, D. Griffin, & D. Kahneman (Eds.), Heuristics and Biases (pp. 120–138). Cambridge University Press.
44. R411 — Levin, I. P., Schneider, S. L., & Gaeth, G. J. (1998). All frames are not created equal: A typology and critical analysis of framing effects. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 76(2), 149–188.
45. R412 — De Martino, B., Kumaran, D., Seymour, B., & Dolan, R. J. (2006). Frames, biases, and rational decision-making in the human brain. Science, 313(5787), 684–687.
46. R413 — Levin, I. P., Gaeth, G. J., Schreiber, J., & Lauriola, M. (2002). A new look at framing effects: Distribution of effect sizes, individual differences, and independence of types of effects. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 88, 411–429.

కన్ఫర్మేషన్ బయాస్ మరియు రీజనింగ్ ఫెయిల్యూర్స్

47. R423 — Wason, P. C. (1960). On the failure to eliminate hypotheses in a conceptual task. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 12(3), 129–140.
48. R424 — Lord, C. G., Ross, L., & Lepper, M. R. (1979). Biased assimilation and attitude polarization: The effects of prior theories on subsequently considered evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37(11), 2098–2109.
49. R425 — Nickerson, R. S. (1998). Confirmation bias: A ubiquitous phenomenon in many guises. Review of General Psychology, 2(2), 175–220.
50. R426 — Mercier, H., & Sperber, D. (2011). Why do humans reason? Arguments for an argumentative theory. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 34(2), 57–74.
51. R427 — Klayman, J. (1995). Varieties of confirmation bias. In J. Busemeyer, R. Hastie, & D. L. Medin (Eds.), Decision Making from a Cognitive Perspective (pp. 385–418). Academic Press.
52. R428 — Klayman, J., & Ha, Y.-W. (1987). Confirmation, disconfirmation, and information in hypothesis testing. Psychological Review, 94(2), 211–228.
53. R429 — Trope, Y., & Bassok, M. (1982). Confirmatory and diagnosing strategies in social information gathering. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43(1), 22–34.

డ్యూయల్-ప్రాసెస్ థియరీ

54. R430 — Evans, J. St. B. T. (2007). Hypothetical thinking: Dual processes in reasoning and judgment. Psychology of Learning and Motivation, 46, 1–39.
55. R587 — Evans, J. St. B. T. (2008). Dual-processing accounts of reasoning, judgment, and social cognition. Annual Review of Psychology, 59, 255–278.
56. R581 — Stupple, E. J. N., Ball, L. J., Evans, J. St. B. T., & Kamal-Smith, E. (2011). When logic and belief collide: Individual differences in reasoning times support a selective processing model. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 23(8), 931–941.

బయాస్ బ్లైండ్ స్పాట్ మరియు నేవ్ రియలిజం (Naïve realism)

57. R472 — Pronin, E., Lin, D. Y., & Ross, L. (2002). The bias blind spot: Perceptions of bias in self versus others. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(3), 369–381.
58. R473 — Pronin, E., & Kugler, M. B. (2007). Valuing thoughts, ignoring behavior: The introspection illusion as a source of the bias blind spot. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43(4), 565–578.
59. R474 — West, R. F., Meserve, R. J., & Stanovich, K. E. (2012). Cognitive sophistication does not attenuate the bias blind spot. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103(3), 506–519.
60. R475 — Scopelliti, I., Morewedge, C. K., McCormick, E., Min, H. L., Lebrecht, S., & Kassam, K. S. (2015). Bias blind spot: Structure, measurement, and consequences. Management Science, 61(10), 2468–2486.
61. R476 — Morewedge, C. K., Yoon, H., Scopelliti, I., Symborski, C. W., Korris, J. H., & Kassam, K. S. (2015). Debiasing decisions: Improved decision making with a single training intervention. Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 2(1), 129–140.
62. R477 — Ross, L., & Ward, A. (1996). Naive realism in everyday life. In E. S. Reed, E. Turiel, & T. Brown (Eds.), Values and Knowledge (pp. 103–135). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
63. R731 — Pronin, E. (2007). Perception and misperception of bias in human judgment. In J. M. Darley, D. M. Messick, & T. R. Tyler (Eds.), Social Influences on Ethical Behavior in Organizations (pp. 37–53). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

నేవ్ సినిసిజం (Naïve cynicism)

64. R478 — Kruger, J., & Gilovich, T. (1999). "Naïve cynicism": Everyday theories of responsibility assessment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(5), 743–753.
65. R479 — Benforado, A., & Hanson, J. (2008). Naïve cynicism: Maintaining false perceptions in policy debates. Emory Law Journal, 57(3), 499–596.
66. R480 — Takeda, M., & Numazaki, M. (2010). Naïve cynicism among Japanese dating couples. Japanese Journal of Social Psychology, 26(1), 35–42.
67. R481 — Mills, C. M., & Keil, F. C. (2005). The development of cynicism. Psychological Science, 16(5), 385–390.

బయాస్ ఓవర్‌వ్యూస్ మరియు మెటా-అనాలిసిస్

68. R469 — Kahan, D. M. (2013). Ideology, motivated reasoning, and cognitive reflection. Judgment and Decision Making, 8(4), 407–424.
69. R506 — Nisbett, R., & Ross, L. (1980). Human Inference: Strategies and Shortcomings of Social Judgment. Prentice-Hall.

కాంట్రాస్ట్, డిస్టింక్షన్ (Distinction), మరియు ఎవాల్యుయబిలిటీ (Evaluability)

70. R397 — Helson, H. (1964). Adaptation-Level Theory: An Experimental and Systematic Approach to Behavior. Harper & Row.
71. R398 — Mussweiler, T. (2003). Comparison processes in social judgment: Mechanisms and consequences. Psychological Review, 110(3), 472–489.
72. R399 — Kenrick, D. T., & Gutierres, S. E. (1980). Contrast effects and judgments of physical attractiveness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38(1), 131–140.
73. R400 — Pepitone, A., & DiNubile, M. (1976). Contrast effects in judgments of crime severity and the punishment of criminal violators. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 33(4), 448–459.
74. R402 — Hsee, C. K., & Zhang, J. (2004). Distinction bias: Misprediction and mischoice due to joint evaluation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86(5), 680–695.
75. R403 — Hsee, C. K. (1996). The evaluability hypothesis. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 67(3), 247–257.
76. R404 — Bohnet, I., van Geen, A., & Bazerman, M. (2016). When performance trumps gender bias: Joint vs. separate evaluation. Management Science, 62(5), 1225–1234.
77. R405 — Anvari, F., Olsen, J., Hung, W. Y., & Feldman, G. (2021). Distinction bias and preference reversals between joint and separate evaluations: A replication and extension. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 92, 104059.

ఫోకసింగ్ ఇల్యూషన్ (Focusing illusion)

78. R407 — Schkade, D. A., & Kahneman, D. (1998). Does living in California make people happy? A focusing illusion in judgments of life satisfaction. Psychological Science, 9(5), 340–346.
79. R408 — Kőszegi, B., & Szeidl, Á. (2013). A model of focusing in economic choice. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 128(1), 53–104.
80. R409 — Lam, K. C., Buehler, R., McFarland, C., Ross, M., & Cheung, I. (2005). Cultural differences in affective forecasting: The role of focalism. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31(9), 1296–1309.
81. R410 — Dertwinkel-Kalt, M., & Wenzel, T. (2017). Focusing and framing of risky alternatives. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 159, 289–304.

కన్జర్వేటిజం (Conservatism), బిలీఫ్ రివిజన్ (Belief revision)

82. R391 — Edwards, W. (1968). Conservatism in human information processing. In B. Kleinmuntz (Ed.), Formal Representation of Human Judgment. Wiley.
83. R392 — Phillips, L. D., & Edwards, W. (1966). Conservatism in a simple probability inference task. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 72(3), 346–354.
84. R395 — Corner, A., Harris, A. J. L., & Hahn, U. (2010). Conservatism in belief revision and participant skepticism. Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society.
85. R396 — Lefebvre, G., Lebreton, M., Meyniel, F., Bourgeois-Gironde, S., & Palminteri, S. (2017). Behavioural and neural characterization of optimistic reinforcement learning. Nature Human Behaviour, 1, 0067.

ఇల్యూసరీ కోరిలేషన్ (Illusory correlation) మరియు ప్యాటర్న్ పర్సెప్షన్ (Pattern perception)

86. R523 — Chapman, L. J., & Chapman, J. P. (1967). Genesis of popular but erroneous psychodiagnostic observations. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 72(3), 193–204.
87. R524 — Chapman, L. J., & Chapman, J. P. (1969). Illusory correlation as an obstacle to the use of valid psychodiagnostic signs. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 74(3), 271–280.
88. R525 — Hamilton, D. L., & Gifford, R. K. (1976). Illusory correlation in interpersonal perception. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 12(4), 392–407.
89. R526 — Fiedler, K. (2000). Illusory correlations: A simple associative algorithm provides a convergent account of seemingly divergent paradigms. Review of General Psychology, 4(1), 25–58.
90. R527 — Redelmeier, D. A., & Tversky, A. (1996). On the belief that arthritis pain is related to the weather. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 93(7), 2895–2896.
91. R528 — Fiedler, K., & Freytag, P. (2004). Pseudocontingencies. In R. Pohl (Ed.), Cognitive Illusions (pp. 97–114). Psychology Press.

తప్పుడు సమాచారం (Misinformation) యొక్క నిరంతర ప్రభావం

92. R464 — Johnson, H. M., & Seifert, C. M. (1994). Sources of the continued influence effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 20(6), 1420–1436.
93. R467 — Ecker, U. K. H., Lewandowsky, S., & Tang, D. T. W. (2010). Explicit warnings reduce but do not eliminate the continued influence of misinformation. Memory & Cognition, 38(8), 1087–1100.

బ్యాక్‌ఫైర్ ఎఫెక్ట్ (Backfire effect)

94. R989 — Nyhan, B., & Reifler, J. (2010). When corrections fail: The persistence of political misperceptions. Political Behavior, 32(2), 303–330.
95. R990 — Wood, T., & Porter, E. (2019). The elusive backfire effect: Mass attitudes' steadfast factual adherence. Political Behavior, 41(1), 135–163.
96. R991 — Kaplan, J. T., Gimbel, S. I., & Harris, S. (2016). Neural correlates of maintaining one's political beliefs in the face of counterevidence. Scientific Reports, 6, 39589.

02. అనిశ్చితి (Uncertainty) కింద తీర్పు మరియు నిర్ణయం తీసుకోవడం

ప్రాస్పెక్ట్ థియరీ, రిస్క్ మరియు అనిశ్చితి (uncertainty) కింద నిర్ణయం, సంభావ్యత తీర్పు (probability judgment), సన్క్-కాస్ట్ రీజనింగ్ (sunk-cost reasoning), ఇంటర్‌టెంపోరల్ ఎంపిక, మరియు ఎంపిక ప్రవర్తన (choice behavior) యొక్క కేంద్ర క్రమరాహిత్యాలు (central anomalies).

పుస్తకాలు

1. R11 — Taleb, N. N. (2005). Fooled by Randomness: The Hidden Role of Chance in Life and in the Markets (2nd ed.). Random House.
2. R12 — Taleb, N. N. (2007). The Black Swan: The Impact of the Highly Improbable. Random House.
3. R13 — Taleb, N. N. (2012). Antifragile: Things That Gain from Disorder. Random House.
4. R14 — Taleb, N. N. (2018). Skin in the Game: Hidden Asymmetries in Daily Life. Random House.
5. R24 — Mlodinow, L. (2008). The Drunkard's Walk: How Randomness Rules Our Lives. Pantheon Books.
6. R59 — Mauboussin, M. J. (2012). The Success Equation: Untangling Skill and Luck in Business, Sports, and Investing. Harvard Business Review Press.
7. R60 — Silver, N. (2012). The Signal and the Noise: Why So Many Predictions Fail—But Some Don't. Penguin Press.
8. R64 — Knight, F. H. (1921). Risk, Uncertainty, and Profit. Houghton Mifflin.
9. R65 — Savage, L. J. (1954). The Foundations of Statistics. John Wiley & Sons.
10. R66 — Ellsberg, D. (2001). Risk, Ambiguity and Decision. Routledge.
11. R67 — Gilboa, I. (2009). Theory of Decision under Uncertainty. Cambridge University Press.
12. R68 — Hansen, L. P., & Sargent, T. J. (2008). Robustness. Princeton University Press.
13. R18 — Tetlock, P. E. (2005). Expert Political Judgment: How Good Is It? How Can We Know? Princeton University Press.
14. R19 — Tetlock, P. E., & Gardner, D. (2015). Superforecasting: The Art and Science of Prediction. Crown.
15. R195 — Hand, D. J. (2014). The Improbability Principle: Why Coincidences, Miracles, and Rare Events Happen Every Day. Scientific American / Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
16. R198 — Gladwell, M. (2005). Blink: The Power of Thinking Without Thinking. Little, Brown.
17. R199 — Iyengar, S. (2010). The Art of Choosing. Twelve.
18. R200 — Schwartz, B. (2004). The Paradox of Choice: Why More Is Less. Harper Perennial.
19. R234 — Meehl, P. E. (1954). Clinical vs. Statistical Prediction: A Theoretical Analysis and a Review of the Evidence. University of Minnesota Press.
20. R278 — Duke, A. (2018). Thinking in Bets: Making Smarter Decisions When You Don't Have All the Facts. Portfolio / Penguin.
21. R687 — Von Neumann, J., & Morgenstern, O. (1944). Theory of Games and Economic Behavior. Princeton University Press.

లోతైన అనిశ్చితి (Deep uncertainty) కింద నిర్ణయం తీసుకోవడం (చేర్పులు)

22. A39 — Lempert, R. J., Popper, S. W., & Bankes, S. C. (2003). Shaping the Next One Hundred Years: New Methods for Quantitative, Long-Term Policy Analysis. RAND Corporation.
23. A40 — Marchau, V. A. W. J., Walker, W. E., Bloemen, P. J. T. M., & Popper, S. W. (Eds.). (2019). Decision Making under Deep Uncertainty: From Theory to Practice. Springer.

వ్యాసాలు, పేపర్లు మరియు అధ్యాయాలు

ప్రాస్పెక్ట్ థియరీ (Prospect theory) కోర్

24. R295 — Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1992). Advances in prospect theory: Cumulative representation of uncertainty. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 5(4), 297–323.
25. R296 — Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1991). Loss aversion in riskless choice: A reference-dependent model. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106(4), 1039–1061.
26. R297 — Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica, 47(2), 263–291.
27. R299 — Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1984). Choices, values, and frames. American Psychologist, 39(4), 341–350.
28. R300 — Kahneman, D., Knetsch, J. L., & Thaler, R. H. (1990). Experimental tests of the endowment effect and the Coase theorem. Journal of Political Economy, 98(6), 1325–1348.
29. R301 — Kahneman, D., Knetsch, J. L., & Thaler, R. H. (1991). Anomalies: The endowment effect, loss aversion, and status quo bias. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 5(1), 193–206.
30. R955 — Ruggeri, K., et al. (2020). Replicating patterns of prospect theory for decision under risk. Nature Human Behaviour, 4, 622–633.
31. R956 — Gal, D., & Rucker, D. D. (2018). The loss of loss aversion: Will it loom larger than its gain? Journal of Consumer Psychology, 28(3), 497–516.

ఎండోమెంట్ ఎఫెక్ట్ (Endowment effect), విల్లింగ్‌నెస్ టు పే (willingness to pay) వర్సెస్ యాక్సెప్ట్ (accept)

32. R985 — Carmon, Z., & Ariely, D. (2000). Focusing on the forgone: How value can appear so different to buyers and sellers. Journal of Consumer Research, 27(3), 360–370.
33. R986 — List, J. A. (2003). Does market experience eliminate market anomalies? Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118(1), 41–71.
34. R987 — Plott, C. R., & Zeiler, K. (2005). The willingness to pay–willingness to accept gap, the "endowment effect," subject misconceptions, and experimental procedures for eliciting valuations. American Economic Review, 95(3), 530–545.
35. R988 — Maddux, W. W., Yang, H., Falk, C., Adam, H., Adair, W., Endo, Y., et al. (2010). For whom is parting with possessions more painful? Psychological Science, 21(12), 1910–1917.

సన్క్ కాస్ట్ (Sunk cost) మరియు ఎస్కలేషన్ ఆఫ్ కమిట్‌మెంట్

36. R943 — Arkes, H. R., & Blumer, C. (1985). The psychology of sunk cost. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 35(1), 124–140.
37. R944 — Staw, B. M., & Hoang, H. (1995). Sunk costs in the NBA. Administrative Science Quarterly, 40(3), 474–494.
38. R945 — Thaler, R. (1980). Toward a positive theory of consumer choice. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 1, 39–60.
39. R946 — Staw, B. M. (1976). Knee-deep in the big muddy: A study of escalating commitment to a chosen course of action. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16(1), 27–44.
40. R947 — Staw, B. M., & Ross, J. (1987). Behavior in escalation situations: Antecedents, prototypes, and solutions. Research in Organizational Behavior, 9, 39–78.
41. R948 — Keil, M., et al. (2000). A cross-cultural study on escalation of commitment behavior in software projects. MIS Quarterly, 24(2), 299–325.
42. R949 — Ross, J., & Staw, B. M. (1993). Organizational escalation and exit: Lessons from the Shoreham Nuclear Power Plant. Academy of Management Journal, 36(4), 701–732.
43. R992 — Cho, K. Y., & Critcher, C. R. (2025). Doubling-back aversion: A reluctance to make progress by undoing it. Psychological Science.
44. R993 — Arkes, H. R. (1996). The psychology of waste. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making.

స్టేటస్ కో (Status quo), ఒమిషన్ (omission), యాక్షన్ బయాస్ (action bias)

45. R344 — Ritov, I., & Baron, J. (1990). Reluctance to vaccinate: Omission bias and ambiguity. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 3(4), 263–277.
46. R345 — Spranca, M., Minsk, E., & Baron, J. (1991). Omission and commission in judgment and choice. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 27(1), 76–105.
47. R346 — Baron, J., & Ritov, I. (1994). Reference points and omission bias. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 59(3), 475–498.
48. R347 — DeScioli, P., & Kurzban, R. (2013). A solution to the mysteries of morality. Psychological Bulletin, 139(2), 477–496.
49. R348 — Bar-Eli, M., Azar, O. H., Ritov, I., Keidar-Levin, Y., & Schein, G. (2007). Action bias among elite soccer goalkeepers. Journal of Economic Psychology, 28(5), 606–621.
50. R901 — Patt, A., & Zeckhauser, R. (2000). Action bias and environmental decisions. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 21(1), 45–72.
51. R902 — Barber, B. M., & Odean, T. (2000). Trading is hazardous to your wealth. Journal of Finance, 55(2), 773–806.
52. R904 — Berger, R. (2011). Should I stay or should I go? On the goalkeeper's dilemma in penalty shootouts. Journal of Economic Psychology.
53. R905 — Ritov, I., & Baron, J. (1992). Status quo and omission biases. Advances in Decision Making (pp. 59–78). Elsevier.

ప్రాబబిలిటీ జడ్జ్‌మెంట్ (Probability judgment), సపోర్ట్ థియరీ, సబ్-అడిటివిటీ

54. R691 — Tversky, A., & Koehler, D. J. (1994). Support theory: A nonextensional representation of subjective probability. Psychological Review, 101(4), 547–567.
55. R692 — Fox, C. R., & Tversky, A. (1998). A belief-based account of decision under uncertainty. Management Science, 44(7), 879–895.
56. R693 — Redelmeier, D. A., Koehler, D. J., Liberman, V., & Tversky, A. (1995). Probability judgement in medicine. Medical Decision Making, 15(3), 227–230.
57. R694 — Bearden, J. N., Wallsten, T. S., & Fox, C. R. (2004). Subadditivity and similarity in probabilistic judgments. Working Paper, University of Arizona.
58. R695 — Thomas, R. P., Dougherty, M. R., Sprenger, A. M., & Harbison, J. I. (2008). Diagnostic hypothesis generation and human judgment. Psychological Review, 115(1), 155–185.
59. R696 — Koehler, D. J. (2000). Explanation, imagination, and confidence in judgment. In D. Griffin, D. J. Koehler, & N. Harvey (Eds.), Blackwell Handbook of Judgment and Decision Making (pp. 499–519). Blackwell Publishing.
60. R500 — Lichtenstein, S., & Slovic, P. (1971). Reversals of preference between bids and choices in gambling decisions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 89(1), 46–55.

ప్రాబబిలిటీ నెగ్లెక్ట్, డ్రెడ్ రిస్క్ (dread risk), ఎఫెక్ట్ హ్యూరిస్టిక్ ఇన్ రిస్క్ (affect heuristic in risk)

61. R498 — Rottenstreich, Y., & Hsee, C. K. (2001). Money, kisses, and electric shocks: On the affective psychology of risk. Psychological Science, 12(3), 185–190.
62. R499 — Sunstein, C. R. (2002). Probability neglect: Emotions, worst cases, and law. Yale Law Journal, 112(1), 61–107.
63. R501 — Gigerenzer, G. (2004). Dread risk, September 11, and fatal traffic accidents. Psychological Science, 15(4), 286–287.
64. R937 — Slovic, P., Finucane, M. L., Peters, E., & MacGregor, D. G. (2002). The affect heuristic. In T. Gilovich, D. Griffin, & D. Kahneman (Eds.), Heuristics and Biases (pp. 397–420). Cambridge University Press.
65. R938 — Finucane, M. L., Alhakami, A., Slovic, P., & Johnson, S. M. (2000). The affect heuristic in judgments of risks and benefits. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 13(1), 1–17.
66. R940 — Loewenstein, G. F., Weber, E. U., Hsee, C. K., & Welch, N. (2001). Risk as feelings. Psychological Bulletin, 127(2), 267–286.
67. R942 — Slovic, P., Finucane, M. L., Peters, E., & MacGregor, D. G. (2004). Risk as analysis and risk as feelings. In P. Slovic (Ed.), The Perception of Risk (pp. 137–163). Earthscan.

ఐడెంటిఫయబుల్ విక్టిమ్ ఎఫెక్ట్ (Identifiable victim effect), సైకిక్ నంబింగ్ (psychic numbing), స్కోప్ ఇన్‌సెన్సిటివిటీ

68. R927 — Schelling, T. C. (1968). The life you save may be your own. In S. B. Chase, Jr. (Ed.), Problems in Public Expenditure Analysis (pp. 127–162). Brookings Institution.
69. R928 — Small, D. A., & Loewenstein, G. (2003). Helping a victim or helping the victim: Altruism and identifiability. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 26(1), 5–16.
70. R929 — Kogut, T., & Ritov, I. (2005). The "identified victim" effect: An identified group, or just a single individual? Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 18(3), 157–167.
71. R930 — Small, D. A., Loewenstein, G., & Slovic, P. (2007). Sympathy and callousness: The impact of deliberative thought on donations to identifiable and statistical victims. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 102(2), 143–153.
72. R931 — Cameron, C. D., & Payne, B. K. (2011). Escaping affect: How motivated emotion regulation creates insensitivity to mass suffering. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100(1), 1–15.
73. R932 — Wang, Y., Tang, J., & Wang, X. (2015). Cultural differences in donation decision-making. PLoS ONE, 10(9), e0138219.
74. R936 — Jenni, K. E., & Loewenstein, G. (1997). Explaining the "identifiable victim effect." Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 14(3), 235–257.
75. R941 — Slovic, P. (2007). "If I look at the mass I will never act": Psychic numbing and genocide. Judgment and Decision Making, 2(2), 79–95.

హాట్-కోల్డ్ ఎంపతీ గ్యాప్ (Hot-cold empathy gap) మరియు నిర్ణయంపై విసెరల్ (visceral) ప్రభావాలు

76. R338 — Loewenstein, G. (1996). Out of control: Visceral influences on behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 65(3), 272–292.
77. R339 — Ariely, D., & Loewenstein, G. (2006). The heat of the moment: The effect of sexual arousal on sexual decision making. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 19(2), 87–98.
78. R340 — Van Boven, L., & Loewenstein, G. (2003). Social projection of transient drive states. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29(9), 1159–1168.
79. R341 — Nordgren, L. F., Banas, K., & MacDonald, G. (2011). Empathy gaps for social pain. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100(1), 120–128.
80. R343 — Loewenstein, G. (2005). Hot-cold empathy gaps and medical decision making. Health Psychology, 24(4S), S49–S56.

ఇంటర్‌టెంపోరల్ ఎంపిక (Intertemporal choice) మరియు హైపర్‌బోలిక్ డిస్కౌంటింగ్ (hyperbolic discounting)

81. R913 — Ainslie, G. (1975). Specious reward: A behavioral theory of impulsiveness and impulse control. Psychological Bulletin, 82(4), 463–496.
82. R914 — Laibson, D. (1997). Golden eggs and hyperbolic discounting. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 112(2), 443–478.
83. R915 — McClure, S. M., Laibson, D. I., Loewenstein, G., & Cohen, J. D. (2004). Separate neural systems value immediate and delayed monetary rewards. Science, 306(5695), 503–507.
84. R916 — Kable, J. W., & Glimcher, P. W. (2007). The neural correlates of subjective value during intertemporal choice. Nature Neuroscience, 10(12), 1625–1633.
85. R917 — Ruggeri, K., et al. (2022). The globalizability of temporal discounting. Nature Human Behaviour, 6, 1386–1397.
86. R918 — Frederick, S., Loewenstein, G., & O'Donoghue, T. (2002). Time discounting and time preference: A critical review. In G. Loewenstein, D. Read, & R. Baumeister (Eds.), Time and Decision (pp. 13–86). Russell Sage Foundation.
87. R919 — Steinberg, L., et al. (2018). Around the world, adolescence is a time of heightened sensation seeking and immature self-regulation. Developmental Science, 21(2).
88. R120 — Ainslie, G. (2001). Breakdown of Will. Cambridge University Press.

ప్రొజెక్షన్ బయాస్ (Projection bias), రెస్ట్రెయింట్ బయాస్ (restraint bias)

89. R797 — Loewenstein, G., O'Donoghue, T., & Rabin, M. (2003). Projection bias in predicting future utility. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118(4), 1209–1248.
90. R798 — Conlin, M., O'Donoghue, T., & Vogelsang, T. J. (2007). Projection bias in catalog orders. American Economic Review, 97(4), 1217–1249.
91. R799 — Busse, M. R., Pope, D. G., Pope, J. C., & Silva-Risso, J. (2015). The psychological effect of weather on car purchases. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 130(1), 371–414.
92. R800 — Read, D., & van Leeuwen, B. (1998). Predicting hunger: The effects of appetite and delay on choice. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 76(2), 189–205.
93. R801 — Nordgren, L. F., van Harreveld, F., & van der Pligt, J. (2009). The restraint bias: How the illusion of self-restraint promotes impulsive behavior. Psychological Science, 20(12), 1523–1528.

సూడోసెర్టెనిటీ (Pseudocertainty), ప్రోబబిలిస్టిక్ ఇన్సూరెన్స్, కామన్ రేషియో

94. R981 — Wakker, P. P., Thaler, R. H., & Tversky, A. (1997). Probabilistic insurance. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 15(1), 7–28.
95. R982 — Herrero, C., Tomás, J., & Villar, A. (2006). Decision theories and probabilistic insurance: An experimental test. Spanish Economic Review, 8(1), 35–52.
96. R983 — Schmidt, U., & Seidl, C. (2014). Reconsidering the common ratio effect. Theory and Decision, 77(3), 323–339.
97. R984 — Li, M., & Chapman, G. B. (2009). "100% of anything looks good": The appeal of one hundred percent. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 16(1), 156–162.

ఎఫెక్టివ్ ఆల్ట్రూయిజం (Effective altruism) మరియు డెసిషన్ ఫిలాసఫీ

98. R933 — MacAskill, W. (2015). Doing Good Better. Avery.
99. R934 — Bloom, P. (2016). Against Empathy: The Case for Rational Compassion. Ecco.
100. R935 — Singer, P. (2015). The Most Good You Can Do. Yale University Press.

ఛాయిస్ ఓవర్‌లోడ్‌పై (choice overload) అయ్యంగార్ (Iyengar) & లెప్పర్ (Lepper)

101. R259 — Iyengar, S. S., & Lepper, M. R. (2000). When choice is demotivating: Can one desire too much of a good thing? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(6), 995–1006. (Corrected per addendum item 3.)

హాట్ హ్యాండ్ (Hot hand), గ్యాంబ్లర్స్ ఫాలసీ (gambler's fallacy), రాండమ్‌నెస్ పర్సెప్షన్

102. R492 — Gilovich, T., Vallone, R., & Tversky, A. (1985). The hot hand in basketball: On the misperception of random sequences. Cognitive Psychology, 17(3), 295–314.
103. R493 — Miller, J. B., & Sanjurjo, A. (2018). Surprised by the hot hand fallacy? A truth in the law of small numbers. Econometrica, 86(6), 2019–2047.
104. R494 — Clarke, R. D. (1946). An application of the Poisson distribution. Journal of the Institute of Actuaries, 72(3), 481.
105. R495 — Wagenaar, W. A. (1972). Generation of random sequences by human subjects: A critical survey of the literature. Psychological Bulletin, 77(1), 65–72.
106. R496 — Falk, R., & Konold, C. (1997). Making sense of randomness: Implicit encoding as a basis for judgment. Psychological Review, 104(2), 301–318.
107. R517 — Ayton, P., & Fischer, I. (2004). The hot hand fallacy and the gambler's fallacy: Two faces of subjective randomness? Memory & Cognition, 32(8), 1369–1378.
108. R518 — Chen, D., Moskowitz, T., & Shue, K. (2016). Decision making under the gambler's fallacy: Evidence from asylum judges, loan officers, and baseball umpires. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 131(3), 1181–1242.
109. R519 — Oppenheimer, D. M., & Monin, B. (2009). The retrospective gambler's fallacy. Judgment and Decision Making, 4(5), 326–334.
110. R520 — Bocskocsky, A., Ezekowitz, J., & Stein, C. (2014). The hot hand: A new approach to an old "fallacy." MIT Sloan Sports Analytics Conference.
111. R521 — Liu, L., Wang, Y., Sinatra, R., Giles, C. L., Song, C., & Wang, D. (2018). Hot streaks in artistic, cultural, and scientific careers. Nature, 559(7714), 396–399.
112. R522 — Wilke, A., & Barrett, H. C. (2009). The hot hand phenomenon as a cognitive adaptation to clumped resources. Evolution and Human Behavior, 30(3), 161–169.
113. R672 — Lecoutre, M. P. (1992). Cognitive models and problem spaces in "purely random" situations. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 23, 557–568.
114. R497 — Wainer, H., & Zwerling, H. L. (2006). Evidence that smaller schools do not improve student achievement. Phi Delta Kappan, 88(4), 300–303.

టైమ్-సేవింగ్ / MPG ఇల్యూషన్ మరియు డెసిషన్ హ్యూరిస్టిక్స్

115. R786 — Svenson, O. (2008). Decisions among time saving options: When intuition is strong and wrong. Acta Psychologica, 127(2), 501–509.
116. R787 — Peer, E. (2010). Speeding and the time-saving bias. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 42(6), 1978–1982.
117. R788 — Svenson, O. (2011). Biased decisions concerning productivity increase options. Journal of Economic Psychology, 32(3), 440–445.
118. R789 — Larrick, R. P., & Soll, J. B. (2008). The MPG illusion. Science, 320(5883), 1593–1594.
119. R790 — Fuller, R., et al. (2009). The conditions for inappropriate high speed. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 40(6), 2010–2025.
120. R791 — Eriksson, G., Svenson, O., & Eriksson, L. (2013). The time-saving bias: Judgments, cognition, and perception. Judgment and Decision Making, 8(4), 492–497.
121. R792 — Svenson, O. (2009). Driving speed changes and subjective estimates of time savings, accident risks and braking. Applied Cognitive Psychology.

03. జ్ఞాపకశక్తి (Memory) మరియు కాగ్నిషన్

జ్ఞాపకశక్తి వ్యవస్థలు (ఎపిసోడిక్, సెమాంటిక్, వర్కింగ్ మెమరీ), తప్పుడు జ్ఞాపకశక్తి, స్మృతి ప్రభావాలు (mnemonic effects), అభ్యాసం మరియు నిలుపుదల (learning and retention), జ్ఞాన ప్రాతినిధ్యం (knowledge representation), మరియు గుర్తుంచుకోవడం మరియు మరచిపోవడం యొక్క అభిజ్ఞా నిర్మాణం (cognitive architecture).

పుస్తకాలు

1. R17 — Schacter, D. L. (2001). The Seven Sins of Memory: How the Mind Forgets and Remembers. Houghton Mifflin.
2. R29 — Baddeley, A. D., Eysenck, M. W., & Anderson, M. C. (2020). Memory (3rd ed.). Psychology Press.
3. R30 — Baddeley, A. D. (2007). Working Memory, Thought, and Action. Oxford University Press.
4. R31 — Baddeley, A. D. (1999). Essentials of Human Memory. Psychology Press.
5. R32 — Loftus, E. F., & Ketcham, K. (1994). The Myth of Repressed Memory: False Memories and Allegations of Sexual Abuse. St. Martin's Press.
6. R33 — Loftus, E. F., & Ketcham, K. (1991). Witness for the Defense: The Accused, the Eyewitness, and the Expert Who Puts Memory on Trial. St. Martin's Press.
7. R34 — Thompson-Cannino, J., Cotton, R., & Torneo, E. (2009). Picking Cotton: Our Memoir of Injustice and Redemption. St. Martin's Press.
8. R35 — Tulving, E. (1983). Elements of Episodic Memory. Oxford University Press.
9. R36 — Brown, P. C., Roediger, H. L., & McDaniel, M. A. (2014). Make It Stick: The Science of Successful Learning. Harvard University Press / Belknap Press.
10. R37 — Yates, F. A. (1966). The Art of Memory. University of Chicago Press.
11. R38 — Luria, A. R. (1968). The Mind of a Mnemonist: A Little Book about a Vast Memory. Harvard University Press.
12. R39 — Shaw, J. (2016). The Memory Illusion: Remembering, Forgetting, and the Science of False Memory. Random House.
13. R40 — Brainerd, C. J., & Reyna, V. F. (2005). The Science of False Memory. Oxford University Press.
14. R41 — Ebbinghaus, H. (1885/1913). Memory: A Contribution to Experimental Psychology (H. A. Ruger & C. E. Bussenius, Trans.). Teachers College, Columbia University. (Corrected per addendum item 1.)
15. R42 — Schwartz, B. L. (2002). Tip-of-the-Tongue States: Phenomenology, Mechanism, and Lexical Retrieval. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
16. R44 — Cowan, N. (2005). Working Memory Capacity. Psychology Press.
17. R45 — Neisser, U., & Hyman, I. E. (Eds.). (2000). Memory Observed: Remembering in Natural Contexts (2nd ed.). Worth Publishers.
18. R46 — Rubin, D. C. (Ed.). (1996). Remembering Our Past: Studies in Autobiographical Memory. Cambridge University Press.
19. R47 — Surprenant, A. M., & Neath, I. (2009). Principles of Memory. Psychology Press.
20. R221 — Paivio, A. (1986). Mental Representations: A Dual Coding Approach. Oxford University Press.
21. R222 — Engelkamp, J., & Zimmer, H. D. (1994). The Human Memory: A Multi-Modal Approach. Hogrefe & Huber Publishers.
22. R248 — Wegner, D. M. (1987). Transactive Memory: A Contemporary Analysis of the Group Mind. Springer-Verlag.
23. R287 — Tulving, E., & Donaldson, W. (Eds.). (1972). Organization of Memory. Academic Press.
24. R370 — Paivio, A. (1971). Imagery and Verbal Processes. Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

వ్యాసాలు, పేపర్లు మరియు అధ్యాయాలు

వర్కింగ్ మెమరీ మరియు చంకింగ్ (chunking)

25. R702 — Miller, G. A. (1956). The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review, 63(2), 81–97.
26. R703 — Cowan, N. (2001). The magical number 4 in short-term memory. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 24(1), 87–114.
27. R704 — Baddeley, A. D., & Hitch, G. (1974). Working memory. In G. H. Bower (Ed.), The Psychology of Learning and Motivation (Vol. 8, pp. 47–89). Academic Press.
28. R705 — Chase, W. G., & Simon, H. A. (1973). Perception in chess. Cognitive Psychology, 4(1), 55–81.
29. R706 — Ericsson, K. A., Chase, W. G., & Faloon, S. (1980). Acquisition of a memory skill. Science, 208(4448), 1181–1182.
30. R707 — Oberauer, K. (2002). Access to information in working memory: Exploring the focus of attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 28(3), 411–421.
31. R708 — Logie, R. H. (1995). Visuo-spatial working memory. In Working Memory and Cognition (pp. 33–90). Psychology Press.

కాంటెక్స్ట్ (Context), స్టేట్ (state), మూడ్ (mood), మరియు ఎన్‌కోడింగ్-స్పెసిఫిసిటీ (encoding-specificity)

32. R328 — Tulving, E., & Thomson, D. M. (1973). Encoding specificity and retrieval processes in episodic memory. Psychological Review, 80(5), 352–373.
33. R329 — Godden, D. R., & Baddeley, A. D. (1975). Context-dependent memory in two natural environments: On land and underwater. British Journal of Psychology, 66(3), 325–331.
34. R330 — Eich, J. E. (1980). The cue-dependent nature of state-dependent retrieval. Memory & Cognition, 8(2), 157–173.
35. R331 — Tulving, E. (1974). Cue-dependent forgetting. In E. Tulving & W. Donaldson (Eds.), Organization of Memory (pp. 352–373). Academic Press.
36. R332 — Bower, G. H. (1981). Mood and memory. American Psychologist, 36(2), 129–148.
37. R333 — Forgas, J. P. (1995). Mood and judgment: The Affect Infusion Model (AIM). Psychological Bulletin, 117(1), 39–66.
38. R334 — Matt, G. E., Vázquez, C., & Campbell, W. K. (1992). Mood-congruent recall of affectively toned stimuli: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 12(2), 227–255.
39. R335 — Isen, A. M., Daubman, K. A., & Nowicki, G. P. (1987). Positive affect facilitates creative problem solving. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(6), 1122–1131.

స్మృతి ప్రభావాలు (Mnemonic effects): వింత (bizarreness), హాస్యం (humor), ప్రత్యేకత (distinctiveness)

40. R354 — McDaniel, M. A., & Einstein, G. O. (1986). Bizarre imagery as an effective memory aid. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 12(1), 54–65.
41. R355 — Geraci, L., McDaniel, M. A., Miller, T. M., & Hughes, M. L. (2013). The bizarreness effect: Evidence for the critical influence of retrieval processes. Memory & Cognition, 41, 1228–1237.
42. R356 — Nicolas, S., & Marchal, A. (1998). Implicit memory, explicit memory, and the picture bizarreness effect. Acta Psychologica, 99(1), 43–58.
43. R357 — McDaniel, M. A., & Einstein, G. O. (1991). Bizarre imagery: Mnemonic benefits and theoretical implications. In R. H. Logie & M. Denis (Eds.), Mental Images in Human Cognition (pp. 183–192). Elsevier.
44. R358 — Schmidt, S. R. (1994). Effects of humor on sentence memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 20(4), 953–967.
45. R359 — Schmidt, S. R. (2002). The humour effect: Differential processing and privileged retrieval. Memory, 10(2), 127–138.
46. R360 — Kaplan, R. M., & Pascoe, G. C. (1977). Humorous lectures and humorous examples: Some effects upon comprehension and retention. Journal of Educational Psychology, 69(1), 61–65.
47. R361 — Takahashi, M., & Inoue, T. (2009). The effects of humor on memory for non-sensical pictures. Acta Psychologica, 132(1), 80–84.
48. R362 — Wyer, R. S., & Collins, J. E. (1992). A theory of humor elicitation. Psychological Review, 99(4), 663–688.
49. R363 — Chambers, A. M., & Payne, J. D. (2014). The role of sleep in the consolidation of humorous memories. Sleep, 37(3), 1–9.
50. R364 — Suls, J. M. (1972). A two-stage model for the appreciation of jokes and cartoons. In J. H. Goldstein & P. E. McGhee (Eds.), The Psychology of Humor (pp. 81–100). Academic Press.
51. R365 — Von Restorff, H. (1933). Über die Wirkung von Bereichsbildungen im Spurenfeld. Psychologische Forschung, 18, 299–342.
52. R366 — Hunt, R. R. (1995). The subtlety of distinctiveness: What von Restorff really did. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 2(1), 105–112.
53. R367 — Karis, D., Fabiani, M., & Donchin, E. (1984). "P300" and memory: Individual differences in the von Restorff effect. Cognitive Psychology, 16, 177–216.
54. R368 — Schmidt, S. R. (1991). Can we have a distinctive theory of memory? Memory & Cognition, 19(6), 523–542.
55. R369 — Hunt, R. R. (2006). The concept of distinctiveness in memory research. In R. R. Hunt & J. B. Worthen (Eds.), Distinctiveness and Memory (pp. 3–25). Oxford University Press.

పిక్చర్ సుపీరియారిటీ మరియు డ్యూయల్ కోడింగ్ (dual coding)

56. R371 — Paivio, A., & Csapo, K. (1973). Picture superiority in free recall: Imagery or dual coding? Cognitive Psychology, 5(2), 176–206.
57. R372 — Nelson, D. L., Reed, V. S., & Walling, J. R. (1976). Pictorial superiority effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 2(5), 523–528.
58. R373 — Weldon, M. S., & Roediger, H. L. (1987). Altering retrieval demands reverses the picture superiority effect. Memory & Cognition, 15(4), 269–280.
59. R374 — Curran, T., & Doyle, J. (2011). Picture superiority doubly dissociates the ERP correlates of recollection and familiarity. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 23(5), 1247–1262.
60. R375 — Stenberg, G. (2006). Conceptual and perceptual factors in the picture superiority effect. In H. D. Zimmer et al. (Eds.), Handbook of Binding and Memory (pp. 251–273). Oxford University Press.

సెల్ఫ్-రిఫరెన్స్ ఎఫెక్ట్ (Self-reference effect)

61. R376 — Rogers, T. B., Kuiper, N. A., & Kirker, W. S. (1977). Self-reference and the encoding of personal information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35(9), 677–688.
62. R377 — Symons, C. S., & Johnson, B. T. (1997). The self-reference effect in memory: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 121(3), 371–394.
63. R378 — Zhu, Y., Zhang, L., Fan, J., & Han, S. (2007). Neural basis of cultural influence on self-representation. NeuroImage, 34(3), 1310–1316.
64. R379 — Philippi, C. L., et al. (2012). Damage to the medial prefrontal cortex abolishes the self-reference effect. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 24(2), 475–481.
65. R380 — Denny, B. T., et al. (2012). A meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies of self- and other judgments. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 24(8), 1742–1752.

ఇల్యూసరీ ట్రూత్ (Illusory truth), రిపీటీషన్, ఫ్లూయెన్సీ (fluency)

66. R314 — Hasher, L., Goldstein, D., & Toppino, T. (1977). Frequency and the conference of referential validity. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 16(1), 107–112.
67. R315 — Fazio, L. K., Brashier, N. M., Payne, B. K., & Marsh, E. J. (2015). Knowledge does not protect against illusory truth. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 144(5), 993–1002.
68. R316 — Unkelbach, C., & Rom, S. C. (2017). A referential theory of the repetition-induced truth effect. Cognition, 160, 110–126.
69. R317 — Pennycook, G., Cannon, T. D., & Rand, D. G. (2018). Prior exposure increases perceived accuracy of fake news. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 147(12), 1865–1880.
70. R318 — Newman, E. J., Garry, M., Bernstein, D. M., Christensen, J., & Lindsay, D. S. (2012). Nonprobative photographs (or words) inflate truthiness. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 19(5), 969–974.
71. R319 — Begg, I., Anas, A., & Farinacci, S. (1992). Dissociation of processes in belief: Source recollection, statement familiarity, and the illusion of truth. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 121(4), 446–458.

మేర్ ఎక్స్‌పోజర్ ఎఫెక్ట్ (Mere exposure effect)

72. R320 — Zajonc, R. B. (1968). Attitudinal effects of mere exposure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 9(2, Pt.2), 1–27.
73. R321 — Bornstein, R. F. (1989). Exposure and affect: Overview and meta-analysis of research, 1968-1987. Psychological Bulletin, 106(2), 265–289.
74. R322 — Montoya, R. M., Horton, R. S., Vevea, J. L., Citkowicz, M., & Lauber, E. A. (2017). A re-examination of the mere exposure effect. Psychological Bulletin, 143(5), 459–498.
75. R323 — Ballard, I. C., Hennigan, K., & McClure, S. M. (2017). Neural correlates of the mere exposure effect. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience.
76. R324 — Bornstein, R. F. (1992). Subliminal mere exposure effects. In R. F. Bornstein & T. S. Pittman (Eds.), Perception without Awareness (pp. 191–210). Guilford Press.

సోర్స్ మానిటరింగ్, ఫాల్స్ మెమరీ, ఛాయిస్-సపోర్టివ్ బయాస్

77. R432 — Mather, M., & Johnson, M. K. (2000). Choice-supportive source monitoring: Do our decisions seem better to us as we age? Psychology and Aging, 15(4), 596–606.
78. R433 — Mather, M., Shafir, E., & Johnson, M. K. (2000). Misremembrance of options past: Source monitoring and choice. Psychological Science, 11(2), 132–138.
79. R436 — Johnson, M. K., Hashtroudi, S., & Lindsay, D. S. (1993). Source monitoring. Psychological Bulletin, 114(1), 3–28.

ఫ్లాష్‌బల్బ్ (Flashbulb) మరియు ఆటోబయోగ్రాఫికల్ (autobiographical) మెమరీ; టెలిస్కోపింగ్

80. R747 — Neter, J., & Waksberg, J. (1964). A study of response errors in expenditures data from household interviews. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 59(305), 18–55.
81. R748 — Brown, N. R., Rips, L. J., & Shevell, S. K. (1985). The subjective dates of natural events in very-long-term memory. Cognitive Psychology, 17(2), 139–177.
82. R749 — Neisser, U., & Harsch, N. (1992). Phantom flashbulbs: False recollections of hearing the news about Challenger. In E. Winograd & U. Neisser (Eds.), Affect and Accuracy in Recall (pp. 9–31). Cambridge University Press.
83. R750 — Talarico, J. M., & Rubin, D. C. (2003). Confidence, not consistency, characterizes flashbulb memories. Psychological Science, 14(5), 455–461.
84. R751 — Bohn, A., & Berntsen, D. (2007). Pleasantness bias in flashbulb memories. Memory & Cognition, 35(3), 565–577.
85. R752 — Huttenlocher, J., Hedges, L. V., & Bradburn, N. M. (1990). Reports of elapsed time: Bounding and rounding processes in estimation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 16(2), 196–213.

రోజీ రెట్రోస్పెక్షన్ (Rosy retrospection), ఫేడింగ్ ఎఫెక్ట్ బయాస్ (fading affect bias)

86. R753 — Mitchell, T. R., Thompson, L., Peterson, E., & Cronk, R. (1997). Temporal adjustments in the evaluation of events: The "rosy view." Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 33(4), 421–448.
87. R754 — Mitchell, T. R., & Thompson, L. (1994). A theory of temporal adjustments of the evaluation of events. Advances in Managerial Cognition and Organizational Information Processing, 5, 85–114. JAI Press.
88. R755 — Ritchie, T. D., et al. (2015). A pancultural perspective on the fading affect bias in autobiographical memory. Memory, 23(3), 278–290.
89. R756 — Walker, W. R., & Skowronski, J. J. (2009). The fading affect bias: But what the hell is it for? Applied Cognitive Psychology, 23(8), 1122–1136.

హిండ్‌సైట్ బయాస్ (Hindsight bias)

90. R710 — Fischhoff, B. (1975). Hindsight is not equal to foresight: The effect of outcome knowledge on judgment under uncertainty. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 1(3), 288–299.
91. R757 — Roese, N. J., & Vohs, K. D. (2012). Hindsight bias. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7(5), 411–426.
92. R758 — Hoffrage, U., Hertwig, R., & Gigerenzer, G. (2000). Hindsight bias: A by-product of knowledge updating? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 26(3), 566–581.
93. R759 — Bernstein, D. M., et al. (2011). The hindsight bias from 3 to 95 years of age. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 37(2), 378–391.
94. R760 — Harley, E. M., Carlsen, K. A., & Loftus, G. R. (2004). The "saw-it-all-along" effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 30(5), 960–968.
95. R761 — Hawkins, S. A., & Hastie, R. (1990). Hindsight: Biased judgments of past events after the outcomes are known. In R. M. Hogarth (Ed.), Insights in Decision Making (pp. 311–327). University of Chicago Press.

వెర్బల్ ఓవర్‌షాడోయింగ్ (Verbal overshadowing), పీక్-ఎండ్ (peak-end), డ్యూరేషన్ నెగ్లెక్ట్ (duration neglect)

96. R509 — Schooler, J. W., & Engstler-Schooler, T. Y. (1990). Verbal overshadowing of visual memories. Cognitive Psychology, 22(1), 36–71.
97. R303 — Kahneman, D., Fredrickson, B. L., Schreiber, C. A., & Redelmeier, D. A. (1993). When more pain is preferred to less: Adding a better end. Psychological Science, 4(6), 401–405.

స్వీయ-స్థిరత్వం (Self-consistency) / ఆటోబయోగ్రాఫికల్ రివిజన్

98. R804 — Ross, M. (1989). Relation of implicit theories to the construction of personal histories. Psychological Review, 96(2), 341–357.
99. R805 — Markus, G. B. (1986). Stability and change in political attitudes: Observed, recalled, and "explained." Political Behavior, 8(1), 21–44.
100. R806 — Conway, M., & Ross, M. (1984). Getting what you want by revising what you had. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47(4), 738–748.
101. R807 — Greene, C. M., & Murphy, G. (2020). Can false memories be created for political content? Psychological Science, 31(12), 1584–1597.
102. R808 — Wang, Q. (2001). Culture effects on adults' earliest childhood recollection and self-description. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(2), 220–233.
103. R809 — Ross, M., & Wilson, A. E. (2003). Autobiographical memory and conceptions of self: Getting better all the time. In D. L. Schacter & E. Scarry (Eds.), Memory, Brain, and Belief (pp. 199–226). Harvard University Press.
104. R810 — Greenwald, A. G. (1980). The totalitarian ego: Fabrication and revision of personal history. American Psychologist.

జనరేషన్ ఎఫెక్ట్ (Generation effect), రిట్రీవల్ ప్రాక్టీస్ (retrieval practice), లెర్నింగ్

105. R950 — Slamecka, N. J., & Graf, P. (1978). The generation effect: Delineation of a phenomenon. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 4(6), 592–604.
106. R951 — Rosner, Z. A., Elman, J. A., & Shimamura, A. P. (2013). The generation effect: Activating broad neural circuits during memory encoding. Cortex, 49(7), 1901–1909.
107. R952 — Roediger, H. L., & Karpicke, J. D. (2006). Test-enhanced learning: Taking memory tests improves long-term retention. Psychological Science, 17(3), 249–255.
108. R953 — Kinoshita, S. (1989). Generation enhances semantic processing? Memory & Cognition, 17(5), 563–571.
109. R954 — Jacoby, L. L. (1978). On interpreting the effects of repetition: Solving a problem versus remembering a solution. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 17, 649–667.
110. R962 — Kornell, N., & Bjork, R. A. (2008). Learning concepts and categories: Is spacing the "enemy of induction"? Psychological Science, 19(6), 585–592.
111. R963 — Bjork, R. A. (1994). Memory and metamemory considerations in the training of human beings. In J. Metcalfe & A. Shimamura (Eds.), Metacognition: Knowing About Knowing (pp. 185–205). MIT Press.
112. R964 — Bjork, R. A., & Bjork, E. L. (1992). A new theory of disuse and an old theory of stimulus fluctuation. In A. Healy, S. Kosslyn, & R. Shiffrin (Eds.), From Learning Processes to Cognitive Processes (Vol. 2, pp. 35–67). Erlbaum.

నిద్ర మరియు మెమరీ కన్సాలిడేషన్ (చేర్పులు)

113. A27 — Diekelmann, S., & Born, J. (2010). The memory function of sleep. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 11(2), 114–126.
114. A28 — Stickgold, R. (2005). Sleep-dependent memory consolidation. Nature, 437(7063), 1272–1278.
115. A29 — Rasch, B., & Born, J. (2013). About sleep's role in memory. Physiological Reviews, 93(2), 681–766.

కన్ఫాబ్యులేషన్ (Confabulation) మరియు మెమరీ యొక్క న్యూరోసైకాలజీ

116. R484 — Korsakoff, S. (1889). Psychosis polyneuritica seu Cerebropathia psychica toxaemica. Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten.
117. R485 — Moscovitch, M. (1989). Confabulation and the frontal system: Strategic versus associative retrieval in neuropsychological theories of memory. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 444.
118. R486 — Schnider, A. (2003). Spontaneous confabulation and the adaptation of thought to ongoing reality. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 4(8), 662–671.
119. R487 — Fotopoulou, A. (2010). The affective neuropsychology of confabulation and delusion. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 15(1-3), 38–63.
120. R488 — Sacks, O. (1985). The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat and Other Clinical Tales. Summit Books.
121. R489 — Gazzaniga, M. S. (2011). Who's in Charge?: Free Will and the Science of the Brain. Ecco.
122. R490 — Kopelman, M. D. (1999). Varieties of Confabulation and Delusion. Cambridge University Press.
123. R491 — Gilboa, A. (2006). Strategic retrieval, confabulations, and delusions: Theory and data. In R. Bentall (Ed.), Cognitive Deficits in Brain Disorders (pp. 55–92). Martin Dunitz.

కర్స ఆఫ్ నాలెడ్జ్ (Curse of knowledge)

124. R510 — Birch, S. A., & Bloom, P. (2007). The curse of knowledge in reasoning about false beliefs. Psychological Science, 18(5), 382–386.
125. R709 — Camerer, C., Loewenstein, G., & Weber, M. (1989). The curse of knowledge in economic settings: An experimental analysis. Journal of Political Economy, 97(5), 1232–1254.
126. R711 — Newton, E. L. (1990). The Rocky Road from Actions to Intentions (Doctoral dissertation, Stanford University).

ప్రత్యక్ష సాక్షి జ్ఞాపకశక్తి (Eyewitness memory)

127. R624 — Wells, G. L., & Olson, E. A. (2003). Eyewitness testimony. Annual Review of Psychology, 54, 277–295.

04. పర్సెప్షన్, అటెన్షన్ మరియు స్పృహ (Consciousness)

విజువల్ మరియు సోషల్ పర్సెప్షన్ (గ్రహణశక్తి), అటెన్షన్ మరియు అశ్రద్ధ అంధత్వం (inattentional blindness), ఆంత్రోపోమార్ఫిజం మరియు ఏజెన్సీ గుర్తింపు (agency detection), సైకోఫిజిక్స్, ప్రిడిక్టివ్ ప్రాసెసింగ్, అపస్మారక స్థితి (unconscious), మరియు సంబంధిత పునాదులు.

పుస్తకాలు

1. R25 — Mlodinow, L. (2012). Subliminal: How Your Unconscious Mind Rules Your Behavior. Pantheon.
2. R50 — Clark, A. (2013). Surfing Uncertainty: Prediction, Action, and the Embodied Mind. Oxford University Press.
3. R51 — Gregory, R. L. (1997). Eye and Brain: The Psychology of Seeing. Princeton University Press.
4. R52 — Pfungst, O. (1911). Clever Hans (The Horse of Mr. Von Osten): A Contribution to Experimental Animal and Human Psychology. Henry Holt.
5. R173 — Guthrie, S. (1993). Faces in the Clouds: A New Theory of Religion. Oxford University Press.
6. R174 — Barrett, J. L. (2004). Why Would Anyone Believe in God? AltaMira Press.
7. R176 — Michotte, A. (1963). The Perception of Causality. Basic Books. (Original work published 1946)
8. R228 — Gescheider, G. A. (1997). Psychophysics: The Fundamentals (3rd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
9. R229 — Baird, J. C., & Noma, E. (1978). Fundamentals of Scaling and Psychophysics. Wiley.
10. R230 — Fechner, G. T. (1860). Elemente der Psychophysik. Breitkopf und Härtel.
11. R246 — Bornstein, R. F., & Pittman, T. S. (Eds.). (1992). Perception without Awareness. Guilford Press.
12. R260 — Conrad, K. (1958). Die beginnende Schizophrenie. Thieme.
13. R261 — Rorschach, H. (1921). Psychodiagnostik. Ernst Bircher.
14. R288 — Hubbard, T. (Ed.). (2018). Spatial Biases in Perception and Cognition. Cambridge University Press.

వ్యాసాలు, పేపర్లు మరియు అధ్యాయాలు

అటెన్షన్ (Attention) మరియు అశ్రద్ధ అంధత్వం (inattentional blindness)

15. R309 — Bar-Haim, Y., Lamy, D., Pergamin, L., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Van Ijzendoorn, M. H. (2007). Threat-related attentional bias in anxious and nonanxious individuals: A meta-analytic study. Psychological Bulletin, 133(1), 1–24.
16. R310 — MacLeod, C., Mathews, A., & Tata, P. (1986). Attentional bias in emotional disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95(1), 15–20.
17. R311 — Simons, D. J., & Chabris, C. F. (1999). Gorillas in our midst: Sustained inattentional blindness for dynamic events. Perception, 28(9), 1059–1074.
18. R312 — Drew, T., Võ, M. L. H., & Wolfe, J. M. (2013). The invisible gorilla strikes again: Sustained inattentional blindness in expert observers. Psychological Science, 24(9), 1848–1853.
19. R313 — MacLeod, C., & Clarke, P. J. F. (2015). The attentional bias modification approach to anxiety intervention. In S. G. Hofmann (Ed.), Clinical Psychology: A Global Perspective (pp. 236–258). Wiley-Blackwell.

ప్రిడిక్టివ్ ప్రాసెసింగ్ (Predictive processing) మరియు టాప్-డౌన్ పర్సెప్షన్ (top-down perception)

20. R325 — Friston, K. (2010). The free-energy principle: A unified brain theory? Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 11(2), 127–138.
21. R326 — Firestone, C., & Scholl, B. J. (2016). Cognition does not affect perception: Evaluating the evidence for "top-down" effects. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 39, e229.
22. R327 — Masuda, T., & Nisbett, R. E. (2001). Attending holistically versus analytically: Comparing the context sensitivity of Japanese and Americans. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(5), 922–934.

ఎంపిక చేసిన గ్రహణశక్తి (Selective perception), నిరీక్షణ (expectation), గ్రహణశక్తి (perception)

23. R437 — Bruner, J. S., & Postman, L. (1949). On the perception of incongruity: A paradigm. Journal of Personality, 18, 206–223.
24. R438 — Vallone, R. P., Ross, L., & Lepper, M. R. (1985). The hostile media phenomenon. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49(3), 577–585.
25. R439 — Strange, W. (2011). Automatic selective perception (ASP) of first and second language speech. Journal of Phonetics, 39(4), 456–466.

ఎక్స్‌పెరిమెంటర్ ఎఫెక్ట్స్ (Experimenter effects) మరియు అబ్జర్వర్-డిపెండెన్స్ (observer-dependence)

26. R440 — Rosenthal, R., & Fode, K. L. (1963). The effect of experimenter bias on the performance of the albino rat. Behavioral Science, 8(3), 183–189.
27. R441 — Rosenthal, R., & Jacobson, L. (1968). Pygmalion in the classroom. The Urban Review, 3(1), 16–20.
28. R442 — Jussim, L., & Harber, K. D. (2005). Teacher expectations and self-fulfilling prophecies: Knowns and unknowns, resolved and unresolved controversies. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 9(2), 131–155.
29. R443 — Dror, I. E., & Hampikian, G. (2011). Subjectivity and bias in forensic DNA mixture interpretation. Science & Justice, 51(4), 204–208.
30. R445 — Rosenthal, R. (2002). The Pygmalion effect and its mediating mechanisms. In J. Aronson (Ed.), Improving Academic Achievement: Impact of Psychological Factors on Education (pp. 25–36). Academic Press.
31. R446 — Rosenthal, R. (1976). Experimenter expectancy and the reassuring nature of the null hypothesis decision procedure. Psychological Bulletin Monograph Supplement, 70, 30–47.
32. R447 — Proietti, M., et al. (2019). Experimental test of local observer-independence. Science Advances, 5(9), eaaw9832.
33. R448 — Levitt, S. D., & List, J. A. (2011). Was there really a Hawthorne effect at the Hawthorne plant? American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 3(1), 224–238.
34. R449 — De Quidt, J., Haushofer, J., & Roth, C. (2018). Measuring and bounding experimenter demand. American Economic Review, 108(11), 3266–3302.

ఎఫెక్ట్ మరియు ప్రిఫరెన్సెస్‌కు ఎటువంటి అనుమితి (inference) అవసరం లేదు (జాజోంక్ - Zajonc)

35. R247 — Zajonc, R. B. (1980). Feeling and Thinking: Preferences Need No Inferences. American Psychological Association.
36. R939 — Zajonc, R. B. (1980). Feeling and thinking: Preferences need no inferences. American Psychologist, 35(2), 151–175.

పరేడోలియా (Pareidolia) మరియు ఫేస్ పర్సెప్షన్

37. R529 — Rossion, B., et al. (2023). Human intracerebral recordings reveal the neural substrate of face pareidolia. Journal of Neuroscience.
38. R530 — Taubert, J., et al. (2017). Face pareidolia recruits mechanisms for detecting human social attention. Psychological Science.
39. R531 — Tomonaga, M., & Kawakami, F. (2016). Face perception in chimpanzees: Pareidolia and comparative studies. Primates.

ఆంత్రోపోమార్ఫిజం (Anthropomorphism), ఏజెన్సీ గుర్తింపు (agency detection), మైండ్ పర్సెప్షన్

40. R532 — Epley, N., Waytz, A., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2007). On seeing human: A three-factor theory of anthropomorphism. Psychological Review, 114(4), 864–886.
41. R533 — Heider, F., & Simmel, M. (1944). An experimental study of apparent behavior. American Journal of Psychology, 57(2), 243–259.
42. R534 — Gray, H. M., Gray, K., & Wegner, D. M. (2007). Dimensions of mind perception. Science, 315(5812), 619.
43. R535 — Harris, L. T., & Fiske, S. T. (2006). Dehumanizing the lowest of the low: Neuroimaging responses to extreme out-groups. Psychological Science, 17(10), 847–853.
44. R536 — Waytz, A., Heafner, J., & Epley, N. (2014). The mind in the machine: Anthropomorphism increases trust in an autonomous vehicle. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 52, 113–117.
45. R537 — Waytz, A., Epley, N., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2010). Social cognition unbound: Insights into anthropomorphism and dehumanization. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19(1), 58–62.
46. R538 — Piaget, J. (1929). The Child's Conception of the World. Routledge & Kegan Paul.
47. R539 — Mori, M. (2012). The uncanny valley (K. F. MacDorman & N. Kageki, Trans.). IEEE Robotics and Automation, 19(2), 98–100. (Original work published 1970)
48. R723 — Barrett, J. L. (2000). Exploring the natural foundations of religion. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4(1), 29–34.
49. R724 — Kelemen, D., & Rosset, E. (2009). The human function compunction: Teleological explanation in adults. Cognition, 111(1), 138–143.
50. R725 — Haselton, M. G., & Nettle, D. (2006). The paranoid optimist: An integrative evolutionary model of cognitive biases. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10(1), 47–66.

సైకోఫిజిక్స్ (వెబర్-ఫెచ్నర్-స్టీవెన్స్ - Weber-Fechner-Stevens)

51. R401 — Weber, E. H. (1834). Concerning touch. In De Pulsu, resorptione, auditu et tactu. Koehler.
52. R420 — Stevens, S. S. (1957). On the psychophysical law. Psychological Review, 64(3), 153–181.
53. R421 — Penconek, M. (2025). Weber's Law as the emergent phenomenon of choices based on global inhibition. Frontiers in Neuroscience.
54. R422 — Luce, R. D., & Krumhansl, C. L. (1988). Measurement, scaling, and psychophysics. In R. C. Atkinson et al. (Eds.), Stevens' Handbook of Experimental Psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 3–74). Wiley.

చీర్‌లీడర్ (Cheerleader) / సోపానక్రమ ఎన్‌కోడింగ్ (hierarchical encoding) ప్రభావాలు

55. R634 — Walker, D., & Vul, E. (2014). Hierarchical encoding makes individuals in a group seem more attractive. Psychological Science, 25(1), 230–235.
56. R635 — Carragher, D. (2020). The Cheerleader Effect in facial and body attractiveness. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 73(5), 785–798.
57. R636 — Ojiro, Y., et al. (2015). Two replications of 'Hierarchical encoding makes individuals in a group seem more attractive.' PLOS ONE.
58. R637 — Ariely, D. (2001). Seeing sets: Representation by statistical properties. Psychological Science, 12(2), 157–162.
59. R638 — Langlois, J. H., & Roggman, L. A. (1990). Attractive faces are only average. Psychological Science, 1(2), 115–121.
60. R639 — Brady, T. F., & Alvarez, G. A. (2011). Hierarchical encoding in visual working memory. Visual Cognition (pp. 108–124). Psychology Press.

ఆకర్షణ (Attractiveness) మరియు అందం (beauty)

61. R197 — Hamermesh, D. S. (2011). Beauty Pays: Why Attractive People Are More Successful. Princeton University Press.

కొత్తదనం అన్వేషణ (Novelty seeking) మరియు ప్రేరేపణ (arousal)

62. R921 — Fantz, R. L. (1964). Visual experience in infants: Decreased attention to familiar patterns relative to novel ones. Science, 146(3644), 668–670.
63. R923 — Zuckerman, M. (1979). Sensation Seeking: Beyond the Optimal Level of Arousal. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
64. R924 — Cloninger, C. R. (1987). A systematic method for clinical description and classification of personality variants. Archives of General Psychiatry, 44(6), 573–588.

05. స్వీయ-గ్రహణశక్తి (Self-Perception) మరియు స్వీయ-జ్ఞానం

ఆత్మపరిశీలన (Introspection) పరిమితులు, స్వీయ-వంచన (self-deception), అతి విశ్వాసం (overconfidence), స్వీయ-సేవ ఆపాదింపులు (self-serving attributions), గుర్తింపు (identity), మైండ్‌సెట్, స్పాట్‌లైట్ ప్రభావం (spotlight effect), పారదర్శకత భ్రమ (illusion of transparency), అసమాన అంతర్దృష్టి (asymmetric insight), మరియు స్వీయ-జ్ఞానం (self-knowledge) యొక్క నిర్మాణం.

పుస్తకాలు

1. R104 — Epley, N. (2014). Mindwise: Why We Misunderstand What Others Think, Believe, Feel, and Want. Knopf.
2. R105 — Dunning, D. (2005). Self-Insight: Roadblocks and Detours on the Path to Knowing Thyself. Psychology Press.
3. R106 — Wilson, T. D. (2002). Strangers to Ourselves: Discovering the Adaptive Unconscious. Harvard University Press.
4. R107 — Klein, S. B. (2012). The Self and Its Brain in Memory. Psychology Press.
5. R108 — Gallagher, S. (2011). The Oxford Handbook of the Self. Oxford University Press.
6. R109 — Leary, M. R., & Tangney, J. P. (2011). Handbook of Self and Identity (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.
7. R116 — Damasio, A. R. (1994). Descartes' Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain. Putnam.
8. R217 — Maslow, A. (1966). The Psychology of Science: A Reconnaissance. Harper & Row.

మైండ్‌సెట్ (చేర్పులు)

9. A45 — Dweck, C. S. (2006). Mindset: The New Psychology of Success. Random House.
10. A46 — Dweck, C. S., & Yeager, D. S. (2019). Mindsets: A view from two eras. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 14(3), 481–496.

వ్యాసాలు, పేపర్లు మరియు అధ్యాయాలు

ఓవర్‌కాన్ఫిడెన్స్ మరియు మిస్‌కాలిబ్రేషన్ (miscalibration)

11. R811 — Lichtenstein, S., Fischhoff, B., & Phillips, L. D. (1982). Calibration of probabilities: The state of the art to 1980. In D. Kahneman, P. Slovic, & A. Tversky (Eds.), Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases (pp. 306–334). Cambridge University Press.
12. R812 — Moore, D. A., & Healy, P. J. (2008). The trouble with overconfidence. Psychological Review, 115(2), 502–517.
13. R813 — Svenson, O. (1981). Are we all less risky and more skillful than our fellow drivers? Acta Psychologica, 47(2), 143–148.
14. R814 — Yates, J. F., Lee, J. W., & Shinotsuka, H. (1998). Cross-cultural variations in probability judgment accuracy. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 74(2), 106–134.
15. R816 — Fischhoff, B. (1982). Debiasing. In D. Kahneman, P. Slovic, & A. Tversky (Eds.), Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases (pp. 422–444). Cambridge University Press.
16. R839 — Lichtenstein, S., & Fischhoff, B. (1977). Do those who know more also know more about how much they know? Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 20(2), 159–183.
17. R840 — Fischhoff, B., Slovic, P., & Lichtenstein, S. (1977). Knowing with certainty: The appropriateness of extreme confidence. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 3(4), 552–564.
18. R841 — Gigerenzer, G., Hoffrage, U., & Kleinbölting, H. (1991). Probabilistic mental models. Psychological Review, 98(4), 506–528.
19. R842 — Yates, J. F., Lee, J. W., & Bush, J. G. (1997). General knowledge overconfidence: Cross-national variations, response style, and "reality." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 70(2), 87–94.
20. R843 — Merkle, E. C. (2009). The disutility of the hard-easy effect in choice confidence. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 16(1), 204–213.
21. R844 — Baranski, J. V., & Petrusic, W. M. (1994). The calibration and resolution of confidence in perceptual judgments. Perception & Psychophysics, 55(4), 412–428.

డన్నింగ్-క్రుగర్ (Dunning-Kruger) మరియు అన్‌స్కిల్డ్-అన్‌అవేర్ (unskilled-unaware)

22. R845 — Kruger, J., & Dunning, D. (1999). Unskilled and unaware of it: How difficulties in recognizing one's own incompetence lead to inflated self-assessments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(6), 1121–1134.
23. R846 — Gignac, G. E., & Zajenkowski, M. (2020). The Dunning-Kruger effect is (mostly) a statistical artefact. Intelligence, 80, 101449.
24. R847 — Schlösser, T., Dunning, D., Johnson, K. L., & Kruger, J. (2013). How unaware are the unskilled? Journal of Economic Psychology, 39, 85–100.
25. R848 — Dunning, D. (2011). The Dunning-Kruger Effect: On being ignorant of one's own ignorance. In J. Olson & M. P. Zanna (Eds.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 44, pp. 247–296). Academic Press.

ఎగోసెంట్రిక్ బయాసెస్ (Egocentric biases) మరియు స్వీయ-ప్రాముఖ్యత (self-importance)

26. R849 — Ross, M., & Sicoly, F. (1979). Egocentric biases in availability and attribution. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37(3), 322–336.
27. R850 — Kruger, J., Epley, N., Parker, J., & Ng, Z. W. (2005). Egocentrism over e-mail: Can we communicate as well as we think? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89(6), 925–936.
28. R852 — Schroeder, J., Caruso, E. M., & Epley, N. (2016). Many hands make overlooked work. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 22(2), 238–246.
29. R712 — Keysar, B., & Barr, D. J. (2002). Self-anchoring in conversation: Why language users do not do what they "should." In T. Gilovich, D. Griffin, & D. Kahneman (Eds.), Heuristics and Biases (pp. 150–166). Cambridge University Press.
30. R716 — Keysar, B. (1994). The illusory transparency of intention: Linguistic perspective taking in text. Cognitive Psychology, 26(2), 165–208.

ఇల్యూషన్ ఆఫ్ ట్రాన్స్‌పరెన్సీ (Illusion of transparency) మరియు స్పాట్‌లైట్ ఎఫెక్ట్ (spotlight effect)

31. R713 — Gilovich, T., Savitsky, K., & Medvec, V. H. (1998). The illusion of transparency. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(2), 332–346.
32. R714 — Savitsky, K., & Gilovich, T. (2003). The illusion of transparency and the alleviation of speech anxiety. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39(6), 618–625.
33. R715 — Vorauer, J. D., & Claude, S. D. (1998). Perceived versus actual transparency of goals in negotiation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24(4), 371–385.
34. R717 — Kassin, S. M. (2005). On the psychology of confessions: Does innocence put innocents at risk? American Psychologist, 60(3), 215–228.
35. R718 — Gilovich, T., Medvec, V. H., & Savitsky, K. (2000). The spotlight effect in social judgment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(2), 211–222.
36. R719 — Bateson, M., Nettle, D., & Roberts, G. (2006). Cues of being watched enhance cooperation in a real-world setting. Biology Letters, 2(3), 412–414.
37. R720 — Kleck, R. E., & Strenta, A. (1980). Perceptions of the impact of negatively valued physical characteristics on social interaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39(5), 861–873.
38. R721 — Elkind, D. (1967). Egocentrism in adolescence. Child Development, 38(4), 1025–1034.
39. R722 — Gilbert, D. T., Brown, R. P., Pinel, E. C., & Wilson, T. D. (2000). The illusion of external agency. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(5), 690–700.

ఇల్యూషన్ ఆఫ్ అసిమ్మెట్రిక్ ఇన్‌సైట్ (Illusion of asymmetric insight), ఇన్‌విజిబిలిటీ క్లోక్ (invisibility cloak)

40. R726 — Pronin, E., Kruger, J., Savitsky, K., & Ross, L. (2001). You don't know me, but I know you: The illusion of asymmetric insight. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(4), 639–656.
41. R727 — Vazire, S. (2010). Who knows what about a person? The Self-Other Knowledge Asymmetry (SOKA) model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98(2), 281–300.
42. R728 — Schroeder, J., & Fishbach, A. (2024). Feeling known versus knowing: The role of perceived understanding in relationship satisfaction. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology.
43. R729 — Park, J., Choi, I., & Cho, G. H. (2006). The illusion of asymmetric insight. Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, 20(2), 1–18.
44. R730 — Boothby, E. J., Clark, M. S., & Bargh, J. A. (2016). The invisibility cloak illusion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.

అవాస్తవిక ఆశావాదం (Unrealistic optimism), సెల్ఫ్-సర్వింగ్ బయాస్ (self-serving bias)

45. R853 — Weinstein, N. D. (1980). Unrealistic optimism about future life events. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39(5), 806–820.
46. R854 — Sharot, T., Korn, C. W., & Dolan, R. J. (2011). How unrealistic optimism is maintained in the face of reality. Nature Neuroscience, 14(11), 1475–1479.
47. R855 — Heine, S. J., & Lehman, D. R. (1995). Cultural variation in unrealistic optimism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68(4), 595–607.
48. R856 — Shepperd, J. A., Klein, W. M. P., Waters, E. A., & Weinstein, N. D. (2013). Taking stock of unrealistic optimism. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 8(4), 395–411.
49. R857 — Miller, D. T., & Ross, M. (1975). Self-serving biases in the attribution of causality: Fact or fiction? Psychological Bulletin, 82(2), 213–225.
50. R858 — Mezulis, A. H., Abramson, L. Y., Hyde, J. S., & Hankin, B. L. (2004). Is there a universal positivity bias in attributions? Psychological Bulletin, 130(5), 711–747.
51. R859 — Blackwood, N. J., et al. (2003). Self-responsibility and the self-serving bias: An fMRI investigation. NeuroImage, 20(2), 1076–1085.

ఆప్టిమిజం బయాస్ (Optimism bias), నిరాశావాదం (pessimism), డిఫెన్సివ్ పెస్సిమిజం (defensive pessimism)

52. R117 — Sharot, T. (2011). The Optimism Bias: A Tour of the Irrationally Positive Brain. Vintage / Pantheon.
53. R118 — Norem, J. K. (2001). The Positive Power of Negative Thinking. Basic Books.
54. R245 — Johnson, D. D. P. (2004). Overconfidence and War: The Havoc and Glory of Positive Illusions. Harvard University Press.
55. R779 — Alloy, L. B., & Abramson, L. Y. (1979). Judgment of contingency in depressed and nondepressed students: Sadder but wiser? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 108(4), 441–485.
56. R780 — Mansour, S. B., Jouini, E., & Napp, C. (2006). Is there a 'pessimistic' bias in individual beliefs? Theory and Decision, 61, 345–362.
57. R781 — Nesse, R. M. (2005). Natural selection and the regulation of defenses: A signal detection analysis of the smoke detector principle. Evolution and Human Behavior, 26(1), 88–105.
58. R782 — Chang, E. C., & Asakawa, K. (2003). Cultural variations on optimistic and pessimistic bias for self versus a sibling. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(3), 569–581.
59. R784 — Nesse, R. M. (2019). The smoke detector principle: Signal detection and optimal defense regulation. In Good Reasons for Bad Feelings (pp. 75–92). Dutton.
60. R785 — Lovallo, D., & Kahneman, D. (2003). Delusions of success: How optimism undermines executives' decisions. Harvard Business Review, 81(7), 56–63.

ఇల్యూషన్ ఆఫ్ కంట్రోల్ (Illusion of control), ఇల్యూసరీ సుపీరియారిటీ (illusory superiority), మోరల్ సుపీరియారిటీ (moral superiority)

61. R869 — Langer, E. J. (1975). The illusion of control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32(2), 311–328.
62. R870 — Jenkins, H. H., & Ward, W. C. (1965). Judgment of contingency between responses and outcomes. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 79(1), 1–17.
63. R871 — Thompson, S. C. (1999). Illusions of control: How we overestimate our personal influence. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 8(6), 187–190.
64. R872 — Gino, F., Sharek, Z., & Moore, D. A. (2011). Keeping the illusion of control under control. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 114(2), 104–114.
65. R873 — Langer, E. J. (1989). Mindfulness. Addison-Wesley.
66. R874 — Thompson, S. C. (2004). Illusions of control. In R. F. Pohl (Ed.), Cognitive Illusions (pp. 115–125). Psychology Press.
67. R876 — Tappin, B. M., & McKay, R. T. (2017). The illusion of moral superiority. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 8(6), 623–631.
68. R877 — Loughnan, S., et al. (2011). Economic inequality is linked to biased self-perception. Psychological Science, 22(10), 1254–1258.
69. R878 — Heine, S. J., & Hamamura, T. (2007). In search of East Asian self-enhancement. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 11(1), 4–27.

ఫోరర్ (Forer) / బర్నమ్ ఎఫెక్ట్ (Barnum effect)

70. R457 — Forer, B. R. (1949). The fallacy of personal validation: A classroom demonstration of gullibility. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 44, 118–123.
71. R458 — Dickson, D. H., & Kelly, I. W. (1985). The "Barnum effect" in personality assessment: A review of the literature. Psychological Reports, 57, 367–382.
72. R459 — Meehl, P. E. (1956). Wanted—A good cookbook. American Psychologist, 11, 263–272.
73. R460 — Stagner, R. (1958). The gullibility of personnel managers. Personnel Psychology, 11, 347–352.
74. R461 — Rogers, P., & Soule, J. (2009). Cross-cultural differences in the acceptance of Barnum profiles. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 40(3), 381–399.
75. R462 — Snyder, C. R., Shenkel, R. J., & Lowery, C. R. (1977). Acceptance of personality interpretations: The "Barnum effect" and beyond. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 45(1), 104–114.

ఆస్ట్రిచ్ ఎఫెక్ట్ (Ostrich effect), ఇన్ఫర్మేషన్ అవాయిడెన్స్ (information avoidance)

76. R452 — Karlsson, N., Loewenstein, G., & Seppi, D. (2009). The ostrich effect: Selective attention to information. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 38(2), 95–115.
77. R453 — Galai, D., & Sade, O. (2006). The "ostrich effect" and the relationship between the liquidity and the yields of financial assets. Journal of Business, 79(5), 2741–2759.
78. R454 — Sicherman, N., Loewenstein, G., Seppi, D., & Utkus, S. (2016). Financial attention. Review of Financial Studies, 29(4), 863–897.
79. R455 — Banerjee, R., & Zanella, G. (2014). Experiencing breast cancer at the workplace. Journal of Public Economics, 109, 134–152.
80. R456 — Li, H., Meng, J., Song, X., & Zheng, S. (2021). Information avoidance and medical screening: A field experiment in China. Management Science, 67(7), 4252–4272.

సెల్ఫ్-హ్యాండిక్యాపింగ్ (Self-handicapping), సెల్ఫ్-అఫర్మేషన్ (self-affirmation), డిస్సోనెన్స్ రిడక్షన్ (dissonance reduction)

81. R434 — Lieberman, M. D., Ochsner, K. N., Gilbert, D. T., & Schacter, D. L. (2001). Do amnesics exhibit cognitive dissonance reduction? Psychological Science, 12(2), 135–140.
82. R435 — Heine, S. J., & Lehman, D. R. (1997). Culture, dissonance, and self-affirmation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23(4), 389–400.

సోషల్ డిజైరబిలిటీ (Social desirability) మరియు రెస్పాన్స్ బయాస్ (response bias)

83. R817 — Edwards, A. L. (1953). The relationship between the judged desirability of a trait and the probability that the trait will be endorsed. Journal of Applied Psychology, 37(2), 90–93.
84. R818 — Crowne, D. P., & Marlowe, D. (1960). A new scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 24(4), 349–354.
85. R819 — Paulhus, D. L. (1984). Two-component models of socially desirable responding. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(3), 598–609.
86. R820 — Jones, E. E., & Sigall, H. (1971). The bogus pipeline: A new paradigm for measuring affect and attitude. Psychological Bulletin, 76(5), 349–364.
87. R821 — Lalwani, A. K., Shavitt, S., & Johnson, T. (2006). What is the relation between cultural orientation and socially desirable responding? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90(1), 165–178.
88. R822 — Uziel, L. (2010). Rethinking social desirability scales. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5(3), 243–262.
89. R823 — Paulhus, D. L. (1991). Measurement and control of response bias. In J. P. Robinson et al. (Eds.), Measures of Personality and Social Psychological Attitudes. Academic Press.
90. R824 — Crowne, D. P., & Marlowe, D. (1964). The Approval Motive: Studies in Evaluative Dependence. Wiley.
91. R825 — Paulhus, D. L. (2002). Socially desirable responding: The evolution of a construct. In H. I. Braun, D. N. Jackson, & D. E. Wiley (Eds.), The Role of Constructs in Psychological and Educational Measurement (pp. 49–69). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

సెక్సువల్ ఓవర్‌పర్సెప్షన్ (Sexual overperception)

92. R739 — Haselton, M. G., & Buss, D. M. (2000). Error management theory: A new perspective on biases in cross-sex mind reading. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(1), 81–91.
93. R740 — Bendixen, M., & Kennair, L. E. O. (2014). Revisiting the sexual overperception bias. Evolutionary Psychology, 12(5), 879–896.
94. R741 — Abbey, A. (1982). Sex differences in attributions for friendly behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42(5), 830–838.
95. R742 — Farris, C., Treat, T. A., Viken, R. J., & McFall, R. M. (2008). Perceptual mechanisms that characterize gender differences in decoding women's sexual intent. Psychological Science, 19(4), 348–354.
96. R743 — Perilloux, C., Easton, J. A., & Buss, D. M. (2012). The misperception of sexual interest. Psychological Science, 23(2), 146–151.
97. R744 — Buss, D. M. (2016). The Evolution of Desire: Strategies of Human Mating (Revised ed.). Basic Books.
98. R745 — Haselton, M. G. (2018). Hormonal: The Hidden Intelligence of Hormones. Little, Brown and Company.
99. R746 — Haselton, M. G., & Nettle, D. (2006). The paranoid optimist: An integrative evolutionary model of cognitive biases. In D. M. Buss (Ed.), The Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology (pp. 724–746). Wiley.

పునాదులు మరియు శాస్త్రీయ పనులు (Foundations and classical works)

100. R43 — James, W. (1890). The Principles of Psychology (Vol. 1). Henry Holt and Company.

06. సోషల్ సైకాలజీ మరియు గ్రూప్ డైనమిక్స్

అనుగుణ్యత (Conformity), విధేయత (obedience), ఆపాదింపు (attribution), గ్రూప్‌థింక్ (groupthink), సోషల్ కాగ్నిషన్, సామాజిక ప్రభావం (social influence), న్యాయ-ప్రపంచ నమ్మకం (just-world belief), మరియు పునాది (foundational) సామాజిక మనస్తత్వ శాస్త్రం కానన్.

పుస్తకాలు

1. R78 — Ross, L., & Nisbett, R. E. (2011). The Person and the Situation: Perspectives of Social Psychology. Pinter & Martin. (Original work published 1991)
2. R79 — Heider, F. (1958). The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations. John Wiley & Sons.
3. R87 — Greene, J. (2013). Moral Tribes: Emotion, Reason, and the Gap Between Us and Them. Penguin Press.
4. R88 — Haidt, J. (2012). The Righteous Mind: Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion. Vintage Books.
5. R89 — Sapolsky, R. (2017). Behave: The Biology of Humans at Our Best and Worst. Penguin Press.
6. R100 — Festinger, L. (1957). A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance. Stanford University Press.
7. R101 — Festinger, L., Riecken, H. W., & Schachter, S. (1956). When Prophecy Fails. University of Minnesota Press.
8. R102 — Aronson, E. (2012). The Social Animal (11th ed.). Worth Publishers.
9. R110 — Bower, G. H., & Forgas, J. P. (2001). Handbook of Affect and Social Cognition. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
10. R128 — Janis, I. L. (1982). Groupthink: Psychological Studies of Policy Decisions and Fiascoes. Houghton Mifflin.
11. R129 — Janis, I. L. (1972). Victims of Groupthink: A Psychological Study of Foreign-Policy Decisions and Fiascoes. Houghton Mifflin.
12. R135 — Surowiecki, J. (2004). The Wisdom of Crowds. Doubleday.
13. R183 — Lerner, M. J. (1980). The Belief in a Just World: A Fundamental Delusion. Plenum Press.
14. R184 — Montada, L., & Lerner, M. J. (Eds.). (1998). Responses to Victimizations and Belief in a Just World. Plenum Press.
15. R185 — Weiner, B. (1995). Judgments of Responsibility: A Foundation for a Theory of Social Conduct. Guilford Press.
16. R282 — Milgram, S. (1974). Obedience to Authority: An Experimental View. Harper & Row.
17. R283 — Blass, T. (2004). The Man Who Shocked the World: The Life and Legacy of Stanley Milgram. Basic Books.

వ్యాసాలు, పేపర్లు మరియు అధ్యాయాలు

ఇంప్లిసిట్ సోషల్ కాగ్నిషన్ (Implicit social cognition) (సరిదిద్దబడినది)

18. R253 — Greenwald, A. G., & Banaji, M. R. (1995). Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes. Psychological Review, 102(1), 4–27. (Corrected per addendum item 2.)

మిల్గ్రామ్ (Milgram) విధేయత అధ్యయనాలు

19. R588 — Milgram, S. (1963). Behavioral study of obedience. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67(4), 371–378.
20. R589 — Milgram, S. (1965). Some conditions of obedience and disobedience to authority. Human Relations, 18(1), 57–76.
21. R590 — Haslam, S. A., & Reicher, S. D. (2012). Contesting the "nature" of conformity: What Milgram and Zimbardo's studies really show. PLOS Biology, 10(11), e1001426.
22. R591 — Hofling, C. K., Brotzman, E., Dalrymple, S., Graves, N., & Pierce, C. M. (1966). An experimental study in nurse-physician relationships. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 143(2), 171–180.
23. R592 — Doliński, D., Grzyb, T., Folwarczny, M., Grzybała, P., Krzyszycha, K., Martynowska, K., & Trojanowski, J. (2017). Would you deliver an electric shock in 2015? Social Psychological and Personality Science, 8(8), 927–933.
24. R593 — Blass, T. (1999). The Milgram paradigm after 35 years. In T. Blass (Ed.), Obedience to Authority: Current Perspectives on the Milgram Paradigm (pp. 35–59). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

ఆష్ కన్ఫర్మిటీ (Asch conformity), బ్యాండ్‌వాగన్ (bandwagon), సోషల్ ప్రూఫ్ (social proof)

25. R600 — Leibenstein, H. (1950). Bandwagon, snob, and Veblen effects in the theory of consumers' demand. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 64(2), 183–207.
26. R601 — Asch, S. E. (1951). Effects of group pressure upon the modification and distortion of judgments. In H. Guetzkow (Ed.), Groups, Leadership and Men (pp. 177–190). Carnegie Press.
27. R602 — Bond, R., & Smith, P. B. (1996). Culture and conformity: A meta-analysis of studies using Asch's line judgment task. Psychological Bulletin, 119(1), 111–137.
28. R603 — Franzen, A., & Mader, S. (2023). Replication of the Asch conformity experiments in Switzerland. Social Psychology, 54(3), 155–167.
29. R604 — Ge, X., & Hou, Y. (2025). Pathogen threat increases conformity to collective choices. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
30. R605 — Asch, S. E. (1956). Studies of independence and conformity. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 70(9), 1–70.
31. R606 — Asch, S. E. (1946). Forming impressions of personality. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 41(3), 258–290.

స్పైరల్ ఆఫ్ సైలెన్స్ (Spiral of silence)

32. R182 — Noelle-Neumann, E. (1984). The Spiral of Silence: Public Opinion—Our Social Skin. University of Chicago Press.

అట్రిబ్యూషన్ థియరీ (ఫండమెంటల్ అట్రిబ్యూషన్ ఎర్రర్, యాక్టర్-అబ్జర్వర్)

33. R838 — Ross, L. (1977). The intuitive psychologist and his shortcomings: Distortions in the attribution process. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 10, pp. 173–220). Academic Press.
34. R861 — Kelley, H. H. (1971). Attribution in social interaction. In E. E. Jones et al. (Eds.), Attribution: Perceiving the Causes of Behavior (pp. 1–26). General Learning Press.
35. R862 — Jones, E. E., & Nisbett, R. E. (1971). The actor and the observer: Divergent perceptions of the causes of behavior. In E. E. Jones et al. (Eds.), Attribution: Perceiving the Causes of Behavior (pp. 79–94). General Learning Press.
36. R863 — Nisbett, R. E., Caputo, C., Legant, P., & Marecek, J. (1973). Behavior as seen by the actor and as seen by the observer. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 27(2), 154–164.
37. R864 — Storms, M. D. (1973). Videotape and the attribution process: Reversing actors' and observers' points of view. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 27(2), 165–175.
38. R865 — Malle, B. F. (2006). The actor-observer asymmetry in attribution: A (surprising) meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 132(6), 895–919.
39. R866 — Miller, J. G. (1984). Culture and the development of everyday social explanation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(5), 961–978.
40. R867 — Masuda, T., & Kitayama, S. (2004). Perceiver-induced constraint and attitude attribution in Japan and the US. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40(3), 409–416.
41. R868 — Malle, B. F. (2011). Attribution theories: How people make sense of behavior. In D. Chadee (Ed.), Theories in Social Psychology (pp. 72–95). Wiley-Blackwell.
42. R879 — Jones, E. E., & Harris, V. A. (1967). The attribution of attitudes. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 3(1), 1–24.
43. R880 — Gilbert, D. T., & Malone, P. S. (1995). The correspondence bias. Psychological Bulletin, 117(1), 21–38.
44. R881 — Choi, I., Nisbett, R. E., & Norenzayan, A. (1999). Causal attribution across cultures: Variation and universality. Psychological Bulletin, 125(1), 47–63.
45. R888 — Kammer, D. (1982). Differences in trait ascriptions to self and friend. Psychological Reports, 51, 99–102.
46. R889 — Choi, I., & Nisbett, R. E. (1998). Situational salience and cultural differences in the correspondence bias and actor-observer bias. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24(9), 949–960.

డిఫెన్సివ్ అట్రిబ్యూషన్ (Defensive attribution) మరియు నింద (blame)

47. R882 — Shaver, K. G. (1970). Defensive attribution: Effects of severity and relevance on the responsibility assigned for an accident. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 14(2), 101–113.
48. R883 — Walster, E. (1966). Assignment of responsibility for an accident. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 3(1), 73–79.
49. R884 — Burger, J. M. (1981). Motivational biases in the attribution of responsibility for an accident. Psychological Bulletin, 90(3), 496–512.
50. R885 — Grubb, A., & Harrower, J. (2008). Attribution of blame in cases of rape. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 13(5), 396–405.
51. R886 — Gyekye, S. A., & Salminen, S. (2004). Causal attributions of Ghanaian industrial workers for accident occurrence. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 34(11), 2324–2342.
52. R887 — Shaver, K. G. (1985). The attribution of blame: Causality, responsibility, and blameworthiness. In The Attribution of Blame (pp. 1–35). Springer.

జస్ట్-వరల్డ్ బిలీఫ్ (Just-world belief)

53. R577 — Lerner, M. J., & Simmons, C. H. (1966). Observer's reaction to the "innocent victim." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 4(2), 203–210.
54. R578 — Rubin, Z., & Peplau, L. A. (1975). Who believes in a just world? Journal of Social Issues, 31(3), 65–89.
55. R579 — Dalbert, C. (1999). The world is more just for me than generally: About the Personal Belief in a Just World Scale's validity. Social Justice Research, 12(2), 79–98.
56. R580 — Hafer, C. L., & Bègue, L. (2005). Experimental research on just-world theory. Psychological Bulletin, 131(1), 128–167.

అథారిటీ (Authority), సెవిరిటీ-ఆఫ్-ఇనిషియేషన్ (severity-of-initiation), ఎఫర్ట్ జస్టిఫికేషన్ (effort justification)

57. R890 — Aronson, E., & Mills, J. (1959). The effect of severity of initiation on liking for a group. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 59(2), 177–181.
58. R891 — Gerard, H. B., & Mathewson, G. C. (1966). The effects of severity of initiation on liking for a group: A replication. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2(3), 278–287.
59. R892 — Axsom, D., & Cooper, J. (1985). Cognitive dissonance and psychotherapy: The role of effort justification in inducing weight loss. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 21(2), 149–160.
60. R893 — Kitayama, S., et al. (2004). Culture and dissonance: The case of choice. Perspectives on Psychological Science.

పోస్ట్-డెసిషన్ డిస్సోనెన్స్ (Post-decision dissonance), బ్రెయిన్ ఆన్ బిలీఫ్ (brain on belief)

61. R431 — Brehm, J. W. (1956). Postdecision changes in the desirability of alternatives. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 52(3), 384–389.

బైస్టాండర్ (Bystander), పానిక్ (panic), మరియు ఎమర్జెన్సీ బిహేవియర్

62. R673 — Quarantelli, E. L. (1954). The nature and conditions of panic. American Journal of Sociology, 60(3), 267–275.
63. R674 — Latané, B., & Darley, J. M. (1968). Group inhibition of bystander intervention in emergencies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 10(3), 215–221.
64. R675 — Leach, J. (2004). Why people 'freeze' in an emergency. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 75(6), 539–542.

మోరల్ లైసెన్సింగ్ (Moral licensing)

65. R571 — Monin, B., & Miller, D. T. (2001). Moral credentials and the expression of prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(1), 33–43.
66. R572 — Khan, U., & Dhar, R. (2006). Licensing effect in consumer choice. Journal of Marketing Research, 43(2), 259–266.
67. R573 — Mazar, N., & Zhong, C. B. (2010). Do green products make us better people? Psychological Science, 21(4), 494–498.
68. R574 — Sachdeva, S., Iliev, R., & Medin, D. L. (2009). Sinning saints and saintly sinners: The paradox of moral self-regulation. Psychological Science, 20(4), 523–528.
69. R575 — Blanken, I., van de Ven, N., & Zeelenberg, M. (2015). A meta-analytic review of moral licensing. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 41(4), 540–558.
70. R576 — Effron, D. A., & Raj, M. (2020). Misinformation and morality. Psychological Science, 31(1), 75–87.

ఆర్గ్యుమెంటేషన్ (Argumentation), ఫాలసీస్ (fallacies), సమూహాలలో రీజనింగ్ (reasoning in groups)

71. R582 — van Eemeren, F. H., & Grootendorst, R. (2004). A Systematic Theory of Argumentation: The Pragma-Dialectical Approach. Cambridge University Press.
72. R583 — Hamblin, C. (1970). Fallacies. Methuen & Co.
73. R584 — Walton, D. (1995). A Pragmatic Theory of Fallacy. University of Alabama Press.
74. R585 — van Eemeren, F. H. (2010). Strategic Maneuvering in Argumentative Discourse. John Benjamins Publishing.
75. R586 — Walton, D. (2010). Why fallacies appear to be better arguments than they are. Informal Logic, 30(2), 159–184.

ఈక్విటీ (Equity), సోషల్ ఎక్స్ఛేంజ్ (social exchange)

76. R875 — Van Yperen, N. W., & Buunk, B. P. (1991). Equity theory and exchange and communal orientation from a cross-national perspective. Journal of Social Psychology, 131, 5–20.

ఫాల్స్ కన్సెన్సస్ (False consensus)

77. R833 — Ross, L., Greene, D., & House, P. (1977). The "false consensus effect": An egocentric bias in social perception and attribution processes. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 13(3), 279–301.
78. R834 — Krueger, J. (1994). The truly false consensus effect: An ineradicable and egocentric bias in social perception. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(4), 596–610.
79. R835 — Choi, I., & Cha, O. (2019). Cross-cultural examination of the false consensus effect. International Journal of Psychology, 54(1), 62–74.
80. R836 — Bosveld, W., Koomen, W., & Vogelaar, R. (1997). Construing a social issue: Effects on attitudes and the false consensus effect. British Journal of Social Psychology, 36(3), 263–272.
81. R837 — Luzsa, R., & Mayr, S. (2021). False consensus in the echo chamber. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 15(1).

కన్ఫెషన్స్ (Confessions) మరియు మోసాన్ని గుర్తించడం (detection of deception)

82. R136 — Vrij, A. (2008). Detecting Lies and Deceit: Pitfalls and Opportunities. Wiley.
83. R244 — Gudjonsson, G. H. (2003). The Psychology of Interrogations and Confessions: A Handbook. Wiley.

సర్వే రెస్పాన్స్, కర్టసీ బయాస్ (courtesy bias)

84. R906 — Jones, E. L. (1963). The courtesy bias in South-East Asian surveys. International Social Science Journal, 15(1), 70–76.
85. R907 — Baumgartner, H., & Steenkamp, J.-B. E. M. (2001). Response styles in marketing research: A cross-national investigation. Journal of Marketing Research, 38(2), 143–156.
86. R908 — Blair, G., & Imai, K. (2012). Statistical analysis of list experiments. Political Analysis, 20(1), 47–77.
87. R909 — Parkinson, S. (2013). Organizing rebellion: Rethinking high-risk mobilization and social networks in war. American Political Science Review, 107(3), 418–432.
88. R910 — Schwarz, N. (1999). Self-reports: How the questions shape the answers. American Psychologist, 54(2), 93–105.
89. R911 — Tourangeau, R., Rips, L. J., & Rasinski, K. (2000). The Psychology of Survey Response. Cambridge University Press.
90. R912 — Triandis, H. C. (1994). Response styles. In Cross-Cultural Research Methods in Psychology (pp. 143–162). Cambridge University Press.

సమూహాలలో సెల్ఫ్-ఫుల్‌ఫిల్లింగ్ ప్రొఫెసీ (Self-fulfilling prophecy)

91. R482 — Liberman, V., Samuels, S. M., & Ross, L. (2004). The name of the game: Predictive power of reputations versus situational labels in determining Prisoner's Dilemma game moves. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30(9), 1175–1185.

పారడాక్సికల్ థింకింగ్ ఇంటర్వెన్షన్స్ (Paradoxical thinking interventions)

92. R483 — Hameiri, B., Porat, R., Bar-Tal, D., Bieler, A., & Halperin, E. (2014). Paradoxical thinking as a new avenue of intervention to promote peace. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(30), 10996–11001.

07. ఇంటర్‌గ్రూప్ రిలేషన్స్ మరియు ప్రెజుడీస్

మూస పద్ధతులు (Stereotypes), ఇన్-గ్రూప్/అవుట్-గ్రూప్ డైనమిక్స్, వివక్ష (discrimination), పక్షపాతం (prejudice), సామాజిక గుర్తింపు, అమానవీయత (dehumanization), మరియు ఇంటర్‌గ్రూప్ కాంటాక్ట్ థియరీ.

పుస్తకాలు

1. R80 — Allport, G. W. (1954). The Nature of Prejudice. Addison-Wesley.
2. R81 — Tajfel, H. (1981). Human Groups and Social Categories: Studies in Social Psychology. Cambridge University Press.
3. R82 — Banaji, M. R., & Greenwald, A. G. (2013). Blindspot: Hidden Biases of Good People. Delacorte Press.
4. R83 — Eberhardt, J. L. (2019). Biased: Uncovering the Hidden Prejudice That Shapes What We See, Think, and Do. Viking.
5. R84 — Sidanius, J., & Pratto, F. (1999). Social Dominance: An Intergroup Theory of Social Hierarchy and Oppression. Cambridge University Press.
6. R85 — Brewer, M. B., & Hewstone, M. (Eds.). (2004). Self and Social Identity. Blackwell Publishing.
7. R86 — Gaertner, S. L., & Dovidio, J. F. (2000). Reducing Intergroup Bias: The Common Ingroup Identity Model. Psychology Press.
8. R90 — Sherif, M., Harvey, O. J., White, B. J., Hood, W. R., & Sherif, C. W. (1961). Intergroup Conflict and Cooperation: The Robbers Cave Experiment. University of Oklahoma Book Exchange.
9. R91 — Sherif, M. (1966). Group Conflict and Cooperation: Their Social Psychology. Routledge & Kegan Paul.
10. R92 — Jussim, L. (2012). Social Perception and Social Reality: Why Accuracy Dominates Bias and Self-Fulfilling Prophecy. Oxford University Press.
11. R93 — Rosenthal, R., & Jacobson, L. (1968). Pygmalion in the Classroom: Teacher Expectation and Pupils' Intellectual Development. Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
12. R94 — Rosenthal, R. (1966). Experimenter Effects in Behavioral Research. Appleton-Century-Crofts.
13. R95 — Adorno, T. W., Frenkel-Brunswik, E., Levinson, D. J., & Sanford, R. N. (1950). The Authoritarian Personality. Harper & Brothers.
14. R96 — Lippmann, W. (1922). Public Opinion. Harcourt, Brace and Company.
15. R97 — Fanon, F. (1952). Black Skin, White Masks. Grove Press.
16. R98 — Kendi, I. X. (2019). How to Be an Antiracist. One World.
17. R99 — Wilkerson, I. (2020). Caste: The Origins of Our Discontents. Random House.
18. R227 — Bar-Tal, D. (2013). Intractable Conflicts: Socio-Psychological Foundations and Dynamics. Cambridge University Press.
19. R254 — Payne, K. (2017). The Broken Ladder: How Inequality Affects the Way We Think, Live, and Die. Viking.

వ్యాసాలు, పేపర్లు మరియు అధ్యాయాలు

గ్రూప్ అట్రిబ్యూషన్ ఎర్రర్ (Group attribution error) మరియు అల్టిమేట్ అట్రిబ్యూషన్ ఎర్రర్ (ultimate attribution error)

20. R540 — Allison, S. T., & Messick, D. M. (1985). The group attribution error. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 21(6), 563–579.
21. R541 — Yzerbyt, V. Y., Rogier, A., & Fiske, S. T. (1998). Group entitativity and social attribution. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24(10), 1089–1103.
22. R542 — Corneille, O., Yzerbyt, V. Y., Rogier, A., & Buidin, G. (2001). Threat and the group attribution error. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(4), 437–446.
23. R543 — Rutchick, A. M., Smyth, J. M., & Konrath, S. (2009). Seeing red (and blue): Effects of electoral college depictions on political group perception. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 9(1), 269–282.
24. R544 — Pettigrew, T. F. (1979). The ultimate attribution error: Extending Allport's cognitive analysis of prejudice. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 5, 461–476.
25. R545 — Taylor, D. M., & Jaggi, V. (1974). Ethnocentrism and causal attribution in a South Indian context. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 5, 162–171.
26. R546 — Hewstone, M. (1990). The 'ultimate attribution error'? A review of the literature on intergroup causal attribution. European Journal of Social Psychology, 20, 311–335.
27. R547 — Morris, M. W., & Peng, K. (1994). Culture and cause: American and Chinese attributions for social and physical events. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 949–971.
28. R548 — Waytz, A., Young, L. L., & Ginges, J. (2014). Motive attribution asymmetry for love vs. hate drives intractable conflict. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(44), 15687–15692.
29. R549 — Wilder, D. A. (1986). Social categorization: Implications for creation and reduction of intergroup bias. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 19, pp. 291–355). Academic Press.
30. R550 — Hewstone, M., & Ward, C. (1985). Ethnocentrism and causal attribution in Southeast Asia. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 614–623.

సోషల్ ఐడెంటిటీ, స్టీరియోటైపింగ్, ప్రెజుడీస్ (prejudice)

31. R551 — Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. G. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds.), The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations (pp. 33–47). Brooks/Cole.
32. R552 — Fiske, S. T., Cuddy, A. J., Glick, P., & Xu, J. (2002). A model of (often mixed) stereotype content. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6), 878–902.
33. R553 — Pettigrew, T. F., & Tropp, L. R. (2006). A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90(5), 751–783.
34. R554 — Devine, P. G. (1989). Stereotypes and prejudice: Their automatic and controlled components. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56(1), 5–18.
35. R555 — Buolamwini, J., & Gebru, T. (2018). Gender shades: Intersectional accuracy disparities in commercial gender classification. Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, 81, 1–15.
36. R556 — Fiske, S. T. (1998). Stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination. In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), The Handbook of Social Psychology (4th ed., pp. 357–411). McGraw-Hill.

సైకలాజికల్ ఎస్సెన్షియలిజం (Psychological essentialism)

37. R557 — Medin, D. L., & Ortony, A. (1989). Psychological essentialism. In S. Vosniadou & A. Ortony (Eds.), Similarity and Analogical Reasoning (pp. 179–195). Cambridge University Press.
38. R558 — Dar-Nimrod, I., & Heine, S. J. (2011). Genetic essentialism: On the deceptive determinism of DNA. Psychological Bulletin, 137(5), 800–818.
39. R559 — Haslam, N., Rothschild, L., & Ernst, D. (2000). Essentialist beliefs about social categories. British Journal of Social Psychology, 39(1), 113–127.
40. R560 — Gelman, S. A. (2003). The Essential Child: Origins of Essentialism in Everyday Thought. Oxford University Press.
41. R561 — Keil, F. C. (1989). Concepts, Kinds, and Cognitive Development. MIT Press.
42. R562 — Hirschfeld, L. A. (1996). Race in the Making: Cognition, Culture, and the Child's Construction of Human Kinds. MIT Press.
43. R563 — Yzerbyt, V., Corneille, O., & Estrada, C. (2001). The interplay of subjective essentialism and entitativity in the formation of stereotypes. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 5(2), 141–155.

పెయిన్ అసెస్‌మెంట్ (Pain assessment) మరియు జాతి పక్షపాతం (racial bias)

44. R342 — Hoffman, K. M., Trawalter, S., Axt, J. R., & Oliver, M. N. (2016). Racial bias in pain assessment and treatment recommendations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(16), 4296–4301.

అవుట్-గ్రూప్ హోమోజెనిటీ (Out-group homogeneity) మరియు ఇన్‌ఫ్రాహ్యూమనైజేషన్ (infrahumanization)

45. R613 — Quattrone, G. A., & Jones, E. E. (1980). The perception of variability within in-groups and out-groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38(1), 141–152.
46. R614 — Linville, P. W., Fischer, G. W., & Salovey, P. (1989). Perceived distributions of the characteristics of in-group and out-group members. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(2), 165–188.
47. R615 — Leyens, J. P., Paladino, P. M., Rodriguez-Torres, R., Vaes, J., Demoulin, S., Rodriguez-Perez, A., & Gaunt, R. (2000). The emotional side of prejudice. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 4(2), 186–197.
48. R616 — Yuki, M., Maddux, W. W., Brewer, M. B., & Takemura, K. (2005). Cross-cultural differences in relationship- and group-based trust. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31(1), 48–62.
49. R618 — Linville, P. W. (1982). The complexity-extremity effect and age-based stereotyping. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 15, pp. 279–328). Academic Press.

AI / LLM లలో హోమోజెనిటీ బయాస్ (సరిదిద్దబడినది)

50. R617 — Lee, M. H. J., Montgomery, J. M., & Lai, C. K. (2024). Large language models portray socially subordinate groups as more homogeneous, consistent with a bias observed in humans. Proceedings of the 2024 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (FAccT '24), 1321–1340. (Corrected per addendum item 7.)

క్రాస్-రేస్ (Cross-race) / ఓన్-రేస్ (own-race) ఫేస్ మెమరీ

51. R619 — Malpass, R. S., & Kravitz, J. (1969). Recognition for faces of own and other race. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 13(4), 330–334.
52. R620 — Meissner, C. A., & Brigham, J. C. (2001). Thirty years of investigating the own-race bias in memory for faces: A meta-analytic review. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 7(1), 3–35.
53. R621 — Hugenberg, K., Young, S. G., Bernstein, M. J., & Sacco, D. F. (2010). The categorization-individuation model. Psychological Review, 117(4), 1168–1187.
54. R622 — Kelly, D. J., et al. (2007). Cross-race preferences for same-race faces extend beyond the African versus Caucasian contrast in 3-month-old infants. Infancy, 11(1), 87–95.
55. R623 — Sangrigoli, S., Pallier, C., Argenti, A.-M., Ventureyra, V. A. G., & de Schonen, S. (2005). Reversibility of the other-race effect in face recognition during childhood. Psychological Science, 16(6), 440–444.

మినిమల్ గ్రూప్ పారాడిగ్మ్ (Minimal group paradigm) మరియు పరోచియల్ ఆల్ట్రూయిజం (parochial altruism)

56. R625 — Tajfel, H. (1970). Experiments in intergroup discrimination. Scientific American, 223(5), 96–102.
57. R626 — Choi, J. K., & Bowles, S. (2007). The coevolution of parochial altruism and war. Science, 318(5850), 636–640.
58. R627 — Reicher, S., & Haslam, S. A. (2006). Rethinking the psychology of tyranny: The BBC prison study. British Journal of Social Psychology, 45(1), 1–40.
59. R628 — Turner, J. C. (1987). A self-categorization theory. In J. C. Turner et al., Rediscovering the Social Group: A Self-Categorization Theory (pp. 42–67). Basil Blackwell.

హాలో ఎఫెక్ట్ (Halo effect) (ముఖ్యంగా అట్రాక్టివ్‌నెస్ హాలో)

60. R629 — Thorndike, E. L. (1920). A constant error in psychological ratings. Journal of Applied Psychology, 4(1), 25–29.
61. R630 — Dion, K., Berscheid, E., & Walster, E. (1972). What is beautiful is good. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 24(3), 285–290.
62. R631 — Nisbett, R. E., & Wilson, T. D. (1977). The halo effect: Evidence for unconscious alteration of judgments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35(4), 250–256.
63. R632 — Batres, C., & Shiramizu, V. (2022). Examining the attractiveness halo effect across cultures. PSA study across 45 countries.
64. R633 — Rosenzweig, P. (2007). The Halo Effect... and the Eight Other Business Delusions That Deceive Managers. Free Press.

ఇంటర్‌గ్రూప్ కాన్‌ఫ్లిక్ట్ (intergroup conflict) లో రియాక్టివ్ డివాల్యుయేషన్ (Reactive devaluation)

65. R654 — Ross, L., & Stillinger, C. (1991). Barriers to conflict resolution. Negotiation Journal, 7(4), 389–404.
66. R655 — Maoz, I., Ward, A., Katz, M., & Ross, L. (2002). Reactive devaluation of an "Israeli" vs. "Palestinian" peace proposal. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 46(4), 515–546.
67. R656 — Cohen, G. L., Sherman, D. K., Bastardi, A., Hsu, L., McGoey, M., & Ross, L. (2007). Bridging the partisan divide. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93(1), 59–74.
68. R657 — Ross, L., & Ward, A. (1995). Psychological barriers to dispute resolution. In M. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 27, pp. 255–304). Academic Press.

కలెక్టివ్ మెమరీ (Collective memory) మరియు పోటీ పడుతున్న జాతీయ కథనాలు

69. R851 — Roediger, H. L., et al. (2019). Competing national memories of World War II. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(34), 16678–16686.

సిస్టమ్ జస్టిఫికేషన్ (System justification)

70. R994 — Jost, J. T., & Banaji, M. R. (1994). The role of stereotyping in system-justification and the production of false consciousness. British Journal of Social Psychology, 33(1), 1–27.

08. ఒప్పించడం, ప్రభావం (Influence) మరియు కమ్యూనికేషన్

సియాల్డిని-సంప్రదాయం (Cialdini-tradition) ఒప్పించే (persuasion) పరిశోధన, వాక్చాతుర్యం (rhetoric), కథన ఒప్పించడం (narrative persuasion), ప్రభావం యొక్క ఆపాదింపు (attribution of influence), కమ్యూనికేషన్ సిద్ధాంతం, మరియు ప్రభావం (influence) గురించి భాష.

పుస్తకాలు

1. R20 — Cialdini, R. B. (2021). Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion (New and Expanded Edition). Harper Business.
2. R21 — Cialdini, R. B. (2006). Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion (Revised Edition). Harper Business.
3. R131 — Perloff, R. M. (2014). The Dynamics of Persuasion: Communication and Attitudes in the 21st Century (5th ed.). Routledge.
4. R132 — Bryant, J., & Oliver, M. B. (Eds.). (2009). Media Effects: Advances in Theory and Research (3rd ed.). Routledge.
5. R133 — McQuail, D. (2010). McQuail's Mass Communication Theory (6th ed.). SAGE Publications.
6. R161 — Heath, C., & Heath, D. (2007). Made to Stick: Why Some Ideas Survive and Others Die. Random House.
7. R162 — Pinker, S. (2014). The Sense of Style: The Thinking Person's Guide to Writing in the 21st Century. Viking.
8. R163 — Pinker, S. (2007). The Stuff of Thought: Language as a Window into Human Nature. Viking.
9. R167 — Crystal, D. (2008). Txtng: The Gr8 Db8. Oxford University Press.
10. R219 — Few, S. (2012). Show Me the Numbers: Designing Tables and Graphs to Enlighten. Analytics Press.
11. R220 — Reynolds, G. (2012). Presentation Zen: Simple Ideas on Presentation Design and Delivery. New Riders.

వ్యాసాలు, పేపర్లు మరియు అధ్యాయాలు

నరేటివ్ పెర్సుయేషన్ (Narrative persuasion), వివిడ్‌నెస్ (vividness), మరియు బేస్-రేట్ ఇన్‌సెన్సిటివిటీ (base-rate insensitivity)

12. R502 — Borgida, E., & Nisbett, R. E. (1977). The differential impact of abstract vs. concrete information on decisions. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 7(3), 258–271.
13. R503 — Hamill, R., Wilson, T. D., & Nisbett, R. E. (1980). Insensitivity to sample bias: Generalizing from atypical cases. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39(4), 578–589.
14. R504 — Green, M. C., & Brock, T. C. (2000). The role of transportation in the persuasiveness of public narratives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(5), 701–721.
15. R505 — Hornikx, J., & Hoeken, H. (2007). Cultural differences in the persuasiveness of evidence types and evidence quality. Communication Monographs, 74(4), 443–463.

డాక్టర్ ఫాక్స్ ఎఫెక్ట్ (Doctor Fox effect) (విద్యాపరమైన ప్రలోభాలు - educational seduction)

16. R463 — Naftulin, D. H., Ware, J. E., & Donnelly, F. A. (1973). The Doctor Fox lecture: A paradigm of educational seduction. Journal of Medical Education, 48(7), 630–635.

థర్డ్-పర్సన్ ఎఫెక్ట్ (Third-person effect) మరియు ప్రిజ్యూమ్డ్ ఇన్‌ఫ్లూయెన్స్ (presumed influence)

17. R826 — Davison, W. P. (1983). The third-person effect in communication. Public Opinion Quarterly, 47(1), 1–15.
18. R827 — Paul, B., Salwen, M. B., & Dupagne, M. (2000). The third-person effect: A meta-analysis of the perceptual hypothesis. Mass Communication & Society, 3(1), 57–85.
19. R828 — Perloff, R. M. (1999). The third-person effect: A critical review and synthesis. Media Psychology, 1(4), 353–378.
20. R829 — Gunther, A. C. (1995). Overrating the X-rating: The third-person perception and support for censorship of pornography. Journal of Communication, 45(1), 27–38.
21. R830 — Mutz, D. C. (1989). The influence of perceptions of media influence: Third person effects and the public expression of opinions. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 1(1), 3–23.
22. R831 — Gunther, A. C., & Storey, J. D. (2003). The influence of presumed influence. Journal of Communication, 53(2), 199–215.
23. R832 — Lo, V.-H., & Wei, R. (2002). Third-person effect, gender, and pornography on the Internet. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 46(1), 13–33.

భాషలో రీసెన్సీ/ఫ్రీక్వెన్సీ ఇల్యూషన్స్ (సరిదిద్దబడినవి & ఏకీకృతం చేయబడినవి)

24. R336 — Zwicky, A. (2006). Why are we so illuded? Abstract for LSA 2007. Stanford University. https://web.stanford.edu/~zwicky/LSA07illude.abst.pdf (Corrected per addendum item 4.)
25. R515 — van der Meulen, M. (2022). Are we indeed so illuded? Recency and frequency illusions in Dutch prescriptivism. Languages, 7(1), 42. https://doi.org/10.3390/languages7010042 (Corrected per addendum item 6. Consolidated with original entry 337, which was a duplicate.)
26. R516 — Zwicky, A. (2005). Just between Dr. Language and I. Language Log.

అపారదర్శక (opaque) ప్రతిపాదన వైఖరులపై నమ్మకం (భాషా తత్వశాస్త్రం - philosophy of language)

27. R511 — Bacon, A. (2019). The logic of opacity. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 99(1), 81–114.
28. R512 — Quine, W. V. O. (1956). Quantifiers and propositional attitudes. Journal of Philosophy, 53(5), 177–187.
29. R513 — Frege, G. (1892/1952). On sense and reference. In P. Geach & M. Black (Eds.), Translations from the Philosophical Writings of Gottlob Frege. Blackwell.
30. R514 — Kripke, S. (1980). A puzzle about belief. In N. Salmon & S. Soames (Eds.), Propositions and Attitudes. Oxford University Press.

భాష మరియు కమ్యూనికేషన్‌పై పింకర్ (Pinker)

31. R164 — Pinker, S. (2011). The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined. Viking.
32. R165 — Pinker, S. (2018). Enlightenment Now: The Case for Reason, Science, Humanism, and Progress. Viking.
33. R166 — Pinker, S. (2002). The Blank Slate: The Modern Denial of Human Nature. Viking Press.

ప్రీమార్టెమ్ (Premortem) మరియు రిఫరెన్స్-క్లాస్ ఫోర్‌కాస్టింగ్ (reference-class forecasting) (డెసిషన్-క్వాలిటీ కమ్యూనికేషన్)

34. R507 — Klein, G. (2007). Performing a project premortem. Harvard Business Review.
35. R508 — Flyvbjerg, B. (2006). From Nobel Prize to project management: Getting risks right. Project Management Journal, 37(3), 5–15.

రాజకీయాల (politics) మూడు భాషలు

36. R226 — Kling, A. (2017). The Three Languages of Politics: Talking Across the Political Divides. Cato Institute.

అథారిటీ, మార్కెటింగ్‌లో సామాజిక ప్రభావం

37. R150 — (See section 01 — Shotton 2018, on biases in consumer choice; also a persuasion-adjacent work.)

మాస్ కమ్యూనికేషన్ థియరీ (Mass communication theory) సూచనలు

38. R265 — Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. Simon & Schuster. (Cross-listed: also relevant in section 12 — Trust/Networks.)

09. బిహేవియరల్ ఎకనామిక్స్ మరియు ఫైనాన్స్

ఈ విభాగం బిహేవియరల్ ఎకనామిక్స్, బిహేవియరల్ ఫైనాన్స్, మనీ ఇల్యూషన్, మెంటల్ అకౌంటింగ్, డిస్పోజిషన్ ఎఫెక్ట్, డినామినేషన్ ఎఫెక్ట్స్, ఈక్విటీ ప్రీమియం పజిల్ మరియు సంబంధిత అంశాలపై మూలాలను సేకరిస్తుంది. విభాగం 02 (అనిశ్చితి కింద తీర్పు మరియు నిర్ణయం తీసుకోవడం), విభాగం 01 (పునాది పక్షపాతాలు), మరియు విభాగం 10 (చర్చలు మరియు డీల్ మేకింగ్) తో దగ్గరి సంబంధం కలిగి ఉంది. ముఖ్యంగా PEM "డీల్స్" దశకు, ఆరు-వనరుల-డొమైన్ (six-resource-domain) ఫ్రేమ్‌వర్క్‌కు (ముఖ్యంగా ఫైనాన్షియల్ డొమైన్), "సమయాన్ని కాకుండా అవగాహనను విక్రయించండి (Sell understanding, not time)" అనే సూత్రానికి, మరియు మనీ ఇల్యూషన్, మెంటల్ అకౌంటింగ్ మరియు ప్రైసింగ్‌లో వెబర్-ఫెచ్నర్ బయాస్ గురించి చర్చకు సంబంధించినది.

పుస్తకాలు

1. R5 — Thaler, R. H., & Sunstein, C. R. (2008). Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness. Yale University Press.
2. R6 — Thaler, R. H. (2015). Misbehaving: The Making of Behavioral Economics. W. W. Norton & Company.
3. R69 — Akerlof, G. A., & Shiller, R. J. (2009). Animal Spirits: How Human Psychology Drives the Economy, and Why It Matters for Global Capitalism. Princeton University Press.
4. R70 — Fisher, I. (1928). The Money Illusion. Adelphi Company.
5. R71 — Keynes, J. M. (1936). The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. Macmillan.
6. R72 — Shefrin, H. (2000). Beyond Greed and Fear: Understanding Behavioral Finance and the Psychology of Investing. Oxford University Press.
7. R73 — Montier, J. (2007). Behavioural Investing: A Practitioner's Guide to Applying Behavioural Finance. Wiley.
8. R74 — Shiller, R. J. (2015). Irrational Exuberance (3rd ed.). Princeton University Press.
9. R75 — Lewis, M. (2010). The Big Short: Inside the Doomsday Machine. W. W. Norton.
10. R77 — Mullainathan, S., & Shafir, E. (2013). Scarcity: Why Having Too Little Means So Much. Times Books.

వ్యాసాలు, పేపర్లు మరియు అధ్యాయాలు

మనీ ఇల్యూషన్ (Money Illusion)

11. R414 — Shafir, E., Diamond, P., & Tversky, A. (1997). Money illusion. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 112(2), 341–374.
12. R415 — Fehr, E., & Tyran, J.-R. (2001). Does money illusion matter? American Economic Review, 91(5), 1239–1262.
13. R416 — Modigliani, F., & Cohn, R. A. (1979). Inflation, rational valuation and the market. Financial Analysts Journal, 35(2), 24–44.
14. R417 — Brunnermeier, M. K., & Julliard, C. (2008). Money illusion and housing frenzies. Review of Financial Studies, 21(1), 135–180.
15. R418 — Weber, B., Rangel, A., Wibral, M., & Falk, A. (2009). The medial prefrontal cortex exhibits money illusion. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(13), 5025–5028.
16. R419 — Akerlof, G. A., Dickens, W. T., & Perry, G. L. (1996). The macroeconomics of low inflation. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1996(1), 1–76.

మెంటల్ అకౌంటింగ్, డిస్పోజిషన్ ఎఫెక్ట్ మరియు సేవింగ్స్ బిహేవియర్

17. R666 — Thaler, R. H. (1985). Mental accounting and consumer choice. Marketing Science, 4(3), 199–214.
18. R667 — Thaler, R. H. (1999). Mental accounting matters. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 12(3), 183–206.
19. R668 — Prelec, D., & Loewenstein, G. (1998). The red and the black: Mental accounting of savings and debt. Marketing Science, 17(1), 4–28.
20. R669 — Camerer, C., Babcock, L., Loewenstein, G., & Thaler, R. (1997). Labor supply of New York City cabdrivers: One day at a time. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 112(2), 407–441.
21. R670 — Shefrin, H., & Statman, M. (1985). The disposition to sell winners too early and ride losers too long. Journal of Finance, 40(3), 777–790.
22. R671 — Thaler, R. H., & Benartzi, S. (2004). Save More Tomorrow: Using behavioral economics to increase employee saving. Journal of Political Economy, 112(S1), S164–S187.

ఇన్వెస్టర్ బిహేవియర్ మరియు బిహేవియరల్ ఫైనాన్స్ మోడల్స్

23. R393 — Barberis, N., Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. (1998). A model of investor sentiment. Journal of Financial Economics, 49(3), 307–343.
24. R394 — Ball, R., & Brown, P. (1968). An empirical evaluation of accounting income numbers. Journal of Accounting Research, 6(2), 159–178.
25. R902 — Barber, B. M., & Odean, T. (2000). Trading is hazardous to your wealth. Journal of Finance, 55(2), 773–806.
26. R975 — Odean, T. (1998). Are investors reluctant to realize their losses? Journal of Finance, 53(5), 1775–1798.
27. R976 — Grinblatt, M., & Keloharju, M. (2001). What makes investors trade? Journal of Finance, 56(2), 589–616.
28. R977 — Barberis, N., & Xiong, W. (2012). Realization utility. Journal of Financial Economics, 104(2), 251–271.
29. R978 — Frazzini, A. (2006). The disposition effect and underreaction to news. Journal of Finance, 61(4), 2017–2046.
30. R979 — Genesove, D., & Mayer, C. (2001). Loss aversion and seller behavior: Evidence from the housing market. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 116(4), 1233–1260.
31. R980 — Barberis, N., & Thaler, R. (2003). A survey of behavioral finance. In G. Constantinides, M. Harris, & R. Stulz (Eds.), Handbook of the Economics of Finance (pp. 1053–1128). Elsevier.

ఈక్విటీ ప్రీమియం పజిల్ (Equity Premium Puzzle)

32. A41 — Benartzi, S., & Thaler, R. H. (1995). Myopic loss aversion and the equity premium puzzle. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110(1), 73–92.
33. A42 — Mehra, R., & Prescott, E. C. (1985). The equity premium: A puzzle. Journal of Monetary Economics, 15(2), 145–161.

డినామినేషన్ ఎఫెక్ట్ (Denomination Effect)

34. R697 — Raghubir, P., & Srivastava, J. (2009). The denomination effect. Journal of Consumer Research, 36(4), 701–713.
35. R698 — Mishra, H., Mishra, A., & Nayakankuppam, D. (2006). Money: A bias for the whole. Journal of Consumer Research, 32(4), 541–549.
36. R699 — Di Muro, F., & Noseworthy, T. J. (2013). Money isn't everything, but it helps if it doesn't look used. Journal of Consumer Research, 39(6), 1330–1342.
37. R700 — Zenkić, J., Lei, J., Millet, K., & Rotman, J. D. (2024). Reversing the denomination effect in tipping contexts. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 34(2), 351–358. (Corrected per addendum item 9.)
38. R701 — Li, Y., & Pandelaere, M. (2021). The denomination–spending matching effect. Journal of Business Research, 128, 338–349. (Corrected per addendum item 10.)

డెసిషన్ థియరీ (Decision Theory) పునాదులు

39. R64 — Knight, F. H. (1921). Risk, Uncertainty, and Profit. Houghton Mifflin. (Cross-listed: also relevant in section 02.)
40. R65 — Savage, L. J. (1954). The Foundations of Statistics. John Wiley & Sons. (Cross-listed: also relevant in section 02.)
41. R687 — Von Neumann, J., & Morgenstern, O. (1944). Theory of Games and Economic Behavior. Princeton University Press. (Cross-listed: also relevant in section 10.)

సిస్టమిక్ క్రైసిస్ (Systemic Crisis), మాక్రో-ఇన్‌స్టెబిలిటీ (Macro-Instability), మరియు యాంటీఫ్రాజిలిటీ (Antifragility)

42. A35 — Reinhart, C. M., & Rogoff, K. S. (2009). This Time Is Different: Eight Centuries of Financial Folly. Princeton University Press.
43. A36 — Acemoglu, D., & Robinson, J. A. (2012). Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty. Crown Business.
44. A37 — Tooze, A. (2018). Crashed: How a Decade of Financial Crises Changed the World. Viking.
45. A38 — Goldin, I., & Mariathasan, M. (2014). The Butterfly Defect: How Globalization Creates Systemic Risks, and What to Do About It. Princeton University Press.

లోతైన అనిశ్చితి (Deep Uncertainty) కింద నిర్ణయం తీసుకోవడం

46. A39 — Lempert, R. J., Popper, S. W., & Bankes, S. C. (2003). Shaping the Next One Hundred Years: New Methods for Quantitative, Long-Term Policy Analysis. RAND Corporation.
47. A40 — Marchau, V. A. W. J., Walker, W. E., Bloemen, P. J. T. M., & Popper, S. W. (Eds.). (2019). Decision Making under Deep Uncertainty: From Theory to Practice. Springer.

10. నెగోషియేషన్ మరియు డీల్ మేకింగ్

ఈ విభాగం నెగోషియేషన్ థియరీ (negotiation theory), డీల్ కాన్ఫిగరేషన్, జీరో-సమ్ బయాస్, వాల్యూ-బేస్డ్ ప్రైసింగ్, మరియు బేరసారాలపై మూలాలను సేకరిస్తుంది. విభాగం 09 (బిహేవియరల్ ఎకనామిక్స్) మరియు విభాగం 12 (నమ్మకం, కీర్తి, నెట్‌వర్క్‌లు) తో దగ్గరి సంబంధం కలిగి ఉంది. నేరుగా PEM "డీల్స్" దశకు, ఆరు వనరుల డొమైన్‌లలో (resource domains) ఒప్పందాల ఆకృతీకరణకు (configuration of agreements), "సమయాన్ని కాకుండా అవగాహనను విక్రయించండి" అనే సూత్రానికి, నైపుణ్యం యొక్క వాల్యూ-బేస్డ్ ప్రైసింగ్‌కి, డీల్స్/ఎగ్జిక్యూషన్ సరిహద్దుకు, మరియు చర్చల (negotiation) లో జీరో-సమ్ బయాస్, యాంకరింగ్ (anchoring) మరియు రియాక్టివ్ డివాల్యుయేషన్ (reactive devaluation) చర్చలకు సంబంధించినది.

పుస్తకాలు

1. R137 — Mnookin, R. (2010). Bargaining with the Devil: When to Negotiate, When to Fight. Simon & Schuster.
2. R138 — Fisher, R., Ury, W., & Patton, B. (1981). Getting to Yes: Negotiating Agreement Without Giving In. Penguin Books.
3. R139 — Bazerman, M. H., & Neale, M. A. (1992). Negotiating Rationally. Free Press.
4. R140 — Thompson, L. (2005). The Mind and Heart of the Negotiator (3rd ed.). Pearson Prentice Hall.
5. R141 — Bazerman, M. H., & Moore, D. A. (2012). Judgment in Managerial Decision Making (8th ed.). Wiley. (Cross-listed: also relevant in section 02.)
6. A43 — Weiss, A. (2021). Million Dollar Consulting: The Professional's Guide to Growing a Practice (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
7. A44 — Baker, R. J. (2010). Implementing Value Pricing: A Radical Business Model for Professional Firms. Wiley.

వ్యాసాలు, పేపర్లు మరియు అధ్యాయాలు

నెగోషియేషన్‌లలో హ్యూరిస్టిక్స్ మరియు బయాసెస్

8. R684 — Bazerman, M. H., & Neale, M. A. (1983). Heuristics in negotiation: Limitations to effective dispute resolution. Negotiating in Organizations, 51–67.

జీరో-సమ్ బయాస్ (Zero-Sum Bias)

9. R682 — Meegan, D. V. (2010). Zero-sum bias: Perceived competition despite unlimited resources. Frontiers in Psychology, 1, 191.
10. R683 — Różycka-Tran, J., Boski, P., & Wojciszke, B. (2015). Belief in a zero-sum game as a social axiom: A 37-nation study. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 46(4), 525–548.
11. R685 — Chinoy, S., Nunn, N., Sequeira, S., & Stantcheva, S. (2024). Zero-sum thinking and the roots of U.S. political divides. NBER Working Paper No. 31688. (Corrected per addendum item 8.)
12. R686 — Davidai, S., & Ongis, M. (2019). The politics of zero-sum thinking. Science Advances, 5(12).

రియాక్టివ్ డివాల్యుయేషన్ (Reactive Devaluation) మరియు రిజల్యూషన్‌కు అడ్డంకులు (Barriers to Resolution)

13. R654 — Ross, L., & Stillinger, C. (1991). Barriers to conflict resolution. Negotiation Journal, 7(4), 389–404. (Cross-listed: also relevant in section 07.)
14. R655 — Maoz, I., Ward, A., Katz, M., & Ross, L. (2002). Reactive devaluation of an "Israeli" vs. "Palestinian" peace proposal. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 46(4), 515–546. (Cross-listed: also relevant in section 07.)
15. R656 — Cohen, G. L., Sherman, D. K., Bastardi, A., Hsu, L., McGoey, M., & Ross, L. (2007). Bridging the partisan divide. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93(1), 59–74. (Cross-listed: also relevant in section 07.)
16. R657 — Ross, L., & Ward, A. (1995). Psychological barriers to dispute resolution. In M. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 27, pp. 255–304). Academic Press. (Cross-listed: also relevant in section 07.)

11. రిస్క్ పర్సెప్షన్, విపత్తు మరియు భద్రత

ఈ విభాగం రిస్క్ పర్సెప్షన్, విపత్తు మనస్తత్వశాస్త్రం, సంస్థాగత ప్రమాదాలు (organizational accidents), మానవ లోపం (human error), రిస్క్ హోమియోస్టాసిస్ (risk homeostasis) మరియు భద్రతా నియంత్రణపై (safety regulation) మూలాలను సేకరిస్తుంది. విభాగం 02 (తీర్పు మరియు నిర్ణయం తీసుకోవడం) మరియు విభాగం 04 (పర్సెప్షన్, అటెన్షన్ మరియు స్పృహ) తో దగ్గరి సంబంధం కలిగి ఉంది. నార్మల్సీ బయాస్, యాక్షన్ బయాస్, ఇల్యూషన్ ఆఫ్ కంట్రోల్ (illusion of control), పెల్ట్జ్‌మాన్ ఎఫెక్ట్ / రిస్క్ హోమియోస్టాసిస్, సంస్థాగత ప్రమాదాలు మరియు సంక్షోభం (crisis) మరియు దైహిక అనిశ్చితి (systemic uncertainty) పరిస్థితులలో ఆపరేట్ చేయడం వంటి PEM చర్చలకు సంబంధించినది.

పుస్తకాలు

1. R53 — Slovic, P. (Ed.). (2000). The Perception of Risk. Earthscan Publications.
2. R54 — Slovic, P. (2010). The Feeling of Risk: New Perspectives on Risk Perception. Routledge.
3. R56 — Sunstein, C. R. (2005). Laws of Fear: Beyond the Precautionary Principle. Cambridge University Press.
4. R57 — Sunstein, C. R. (2002). Risk and Reason: Safety, Law, and the Environment. Cambridge University Press.
5. R63 — Breyer, S. (1993). Breaking the Vicious Circle: Toward Effective Risk Regulation. Harvard University Press.
6. R142 — Drummond, H. (1996). Escalation in Decision-Making: The Tragedy of Taurus. Oxford University Press.
7. R143 — Vaughan, D. (1996). The Challenger Launch Decision: Risky Technology, Culture, and Deviance at NASA. University of Chicago Press.
8. R144 — Wohlstetter, R. (1962). Pearl Harbor: Warning and Decision. Stanford University Press.
9. R145 — Snook, S. A. (2000). Friendly Fire: The Accidental Shootdown of U.S. Black Hawks over Northern Iraq. Princeton University Press.
10. R146 — Gawande, A. (2009). The Checklist Manifesto: How to Get Things Right. Metropolitan Books.
11. R147 — Reason, J. (1990). Human Error. Cambridge University Press.
12. R148 — Reason, J. (1997). Managing the Risks of Organizational Accidents. Ashgate.
13. R149 — Norman, D. A. (2013). The Design of Everyday Things: Revised and Expanded Edition. Basic Books. (Original work published 1988.)
14. R192 — Ripley, A. (2008). The Unthinkable: Who Survives When Disaster Strikes—and Why. Crown Publishers.
15. R193 — Quarantelli, E. L. (Ed.). (1998). What is a Disaster? Perspectives on the Question. Routledge.
16. R194 — Leach, J. (1994). Survival Psychology. Palgrave Macmillan.
17. R898 — Wilde, G. J. S. (2001). Target Risk 2: A New Psychology of Safety and Health. PDE Publications.
18. R899 — Adams, J. (1995). Risk. UCL Press.

వ్యాసాలు, పేపర్లు మరియు అధ్యాయాలు

విపత్తు మనస్తత్వశాస్త్రం (Disaster Psychology) మరియు భయాందోళన (Panic)

19. R673 — Quarantelli, E. L. (1954). The nature and conditions of panic. American Journal of Sociology, 60(3), 267–275.
20. R675 — Leach, J. (2004). Why people 'freeze' in an emergency. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 75(6), 539–542.
21. R676 — Frey, B. S., Savage, D. A., & Torgler, B. (2010). Interaction of natural survival instincts and internalized social norms exploring the Titanic and Lusitania disasters. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(11), 4862–4865.
22. R677 — Quarantelli, E. L. (2008). Conventional beliefs and counterintuitive realities. In H. Rodríguez, E. L. Quarantelli, & R. R. Dynes (Eds.), Handbook of Disaster Research (pp. 325–346). Springer.

యాదృచ్ఛిక (Random) మరియు కౌంటర్‌ఇన్ట్యూటివ్ (Counterintuitive) భౌతిక దృగ్విషయాలు

23. R678 — Matthews, R. (1995). Tumbling toast, Murphy's Law and the fundamental constants. European Journal of Physics, 16(4), 172–176.
24. R679 — Raymer, D. M., & Smith, D. E. (2007). Spontaneous knotting of an agitated string. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104(42), 16432–16437.
25. R680 — Redelmeier, D. A., & Tibshirani, R. J. (1999). Why cars in the next lane seem to go faster. Nature, 401(6748), 35.

హ్యూమన్ ఎర్రర్ (Human Error) మరియు స్కిల్స్-రూల్స్-నాలెడ్జ్ (Skills-Rules-Knowledge)

26. R681 — Rasmussen, J. (1983). Skills, rules, and knowledge; signals, signs, and symbols. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, SMC-13(3), 257–266.

రిస్క్ హోమియోస్టాసిస్ (Risk Homeostasis) మరియు పెల్ట్జ్‌మాన్ ఎఫెక్ట్ (Peltzman Effect)

27. R894 — Peltzman, S. (1975). The effects of automobile safety regulation. Journal of Political Economy, 83(4), 677–726.
28. R895 — Wilde, G. J. S. (1982). The theory of risk homeostasis: Implications for safety and health. Risk Analysis, 2(4), 209–225.
29. R896 — Hedlund, J. (2000). Risky business: Safety regulations, risk compensation, and individual behavior. Injury Prevention, 6(2), 82–89.
30. R897 — Adams, J. (1981). The efficacy of seatbelt legislation. Department of Geography, University College London.
31. R900 — Peltzman, S. (2004). Regulation and the natural progress of opulence. AEI-Brookings Joint Center 2004 Distinguished Lecture. American Enterprise Institute.

రిస్క్ పర్సెప్షన్ (Risk Perception) మరియు ఆందోళన (Worry)

32. R971 — Baron, J., Hershey, J. C., & Kunreuther, H. (1993). Determinants of priority for risk reduction: The role of worry. Risk Analysis, 13(6), 605–618.
33. R972 — Viscusi, W. K., Magat, W. A., & Huber, J. (1987). An investigation of the rationality of consumer valuations of multiple health risks. RAND Journal of Economics, 18(4), 465–479.
34. R973 — Tversky, A., & Fox, C. R. (1995). Weighing risk and uncertainty. Psychological Review, 102(2), 269–283. (Cross-listed: also relevant in section 02.)
35. R974 — Slovic, P. (1987). Perception of risk. Science, 236, 280–285.

ఐట్రోజెనిక్ రిస్క్ (Iatrogenic Risk) మరియు మెడికల్ హిస్టరీ (Medical History)

36. R903 — Starko, K. M. (2009). Salicylates and pandemic influenza mortality, 1918–1919. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 49(9), 1405–1410.

12. నమ్మకం (Trust), కీర్తి, నెట్‌వర్క్‌లు మరియు వ్యక్తిగత బ్రాండ్

ఈ విభాగం ట్రస్ట్ థియరీ, సోషల్ నెట్‌వర్క్‌లు మరియు సోషల్ క్యాపిటల్, కీర్తి (reputation) మరియు పర్సనల్ బ్రాండింగ్‌పై మూలాలను సేకరిస్తుంది. ఈ విభాగం PEM "ట్రస్ట్ ఫార్ములా" (ప్రదర్శిత ప్రభావం × పారదర్శక ఉనికి × స్థిరమైన అమరిక), "ఎకానమీ ఆఫ్ ట్రస్ట్", నమ్మక-ఆధారిత ఉనికి యొక్క ఏడు మూలస్తంభాలు (పర్సనల్ బ్రాండింగ్, స్ట్రాటజిక్ నెట్‌వర్కింగ్, ఆఫ్‌లైన్ ఈవెంట్‌లు, కంటెంట్ & థాట్ లీడర్‌షిప్, సోషల్ ప్రూఫ్, పారదర్శకత, స్థిరత్వం) మరియు కీర్తి (Reputational) మరియు సామాజిక (Social) వనరుల డొమైన్‌లకు పునాది.

పుస్తకాలు

1. R262 — Botsman, R. (2017). Who Can You Trust? How Technology Brought Us Together and Why It Might Drive Us Apart. PublicAffairs / Penguin Portfolio.
2. R263 — Covey, S. M. R., with Merrill, R. R. (2006). The SPEED of Trust: The One Thing That Changes Everything. Free Press.
3. R264 — Fukuyama, F. (1995). Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity. Free Press.
4. R265 — Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. Simon & Schuster.
5. A18 — Burt, R. S. (1992). Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition. Harvard University Press.
6. A20 — Christakis, N. A., & Fowler, J. H. (2009). Connected: The Surprising Power of Our Social Networks and How They Shape Our Lives. Little, Brown.
7. A22 — Maister, D. H., Green, C. H., & Galford, R. M. (2000). The Trusted Advisor. Free Press.
8. A23 — Hardin, R. (2002). Trust and Trustworthiness. Russell Sage Foundation.
9. A26 — Gandini, A. (2016). The Reputation Economy: Understanding Knowledge Work in Digital Society. Palgrave Macmillan.

వ్యాసాలు, పేపర్లు మరియు అధ్యాయాలు

నెట్‌వర్క్ థియరీ (Network Theory) మరియు సోషల్ క్యాపిటల్ (Social Capital)

10. A17 — Granovetter, M. (1973). The strength of weak ties. American Journal of Sociology, 78(6), 1360–1380.
11. A19 — Burt, R. S. (2004). Structural holes and good ideas. American Journal of Sociology, 110(2), 349–399.

ట్రస్ట్ థియరీ (ట్రస్ట్ ఫార్ములాకు పునాది)

12. A21 — Mayer, R. C., Davis, J. H., & Schoorman, F. D. (1995). An integrative model of organizational trust. Academy of Management Review, 20(3), 709–734.

పర్సనల్ బ్రాండింగ్ మరియు కీర్తి (Reputation)

13. A24 — Peters, T. (1997). The brand called you. Fast Company, 10, 83–90.
14. A25 — Khedher, M. (2014). Personal branding phenomenon. International Journal of Information, Business and Management, 6(2), 29–40.

13. నైపుణ్యం (Expertise), అభ్యాసం మరియు నైపుణ్య అభివృద్ధి

ఈ విభాగం నైపుణ్యాభివృద్ధి (expertise development), నిశ్శబ్ద జ్ఞానం (tacit knowledge), అంతర్ దృష్టి (intuition) మరియు ఉద్దేశపూర్వక అభ్యాసం (deliberate practice) పై మూలాలను సేకరిస్తుంది. విభాగం 03 (మెమరీ అండ్ కాగ్నిషన్) మరియు విభాగం 15 (ఆర్గనైజేషనల్ బిహేవియర్) తో దగ్గరి సంబంధం కలిగి ఉంది. PEM ఇంటర్నల్ చైన్ (అనుభవం → అవగాహన → ప్రభావం), "సమాచారం వర్సెస్ అవగాహన (Information vs. Understanding)" వ్యత్యాసం, ప్రసారం చేయగల (transmissible) ప్రమాణాల అభివృద్ధి, మరియు నిశ్శబ్ద జ్ఞానం, ఉద్దేశపూర్వక అభ్యాసం మరియు అంతర్ దృష్టి గురించి చర్చలకు పునాది.

పుస్తకాలు

1. R61 — Klein, G. (2013). Seeing What Others Don't: The Remarkable Ways We Gain Insights. PublicAffairs.
2. R62 — Klein, G. (2007). The Power of Intuition. Crown Business.
3. A11 — Polanyi, M. (1966). The Tacit Dimension. Doubleday.
4. A12 — Polanyi, M. (1958). Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post-Critical Philosophy. University of Chicago Press.
5. A13 — Collins, H. (2010). Tacit and Explicit Knowledge. University of Chicago Press.
6. A15 — Ericsson, K. A., & Pool, R. (2016). Peak: Secrets from the New Science of Expertise. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
7. A16 — Hogarth, R. M. (2001). Educating Intuition. University of Chicago Press.

వ్యాసాలు, పేపర్లు మరియు అధ్యాయాలు

డెలిబరేట్ ప్రాక్టీస్ (Deliberate Practice)

8. A14 — Ericsson, K. A., Krampe, R. T., & Tesch-Römer, C. (1993). The role of deliberate practice in the acquisition of expert performance. Psychological Review, 100(3), 363–406.

లెర్నింగ్ సైన్స్ (Learning Science) మరియు మెమరీ-బేస్డ్ స్కిల్ అక్విజిషన్ (Memory-Based Skill Acquisition)

9. R36 — Brown, P. C., Roediger, H. L., & McDaniel, M. A. (2014). Make It Stick: The Science of Successful Learning. Harvard University Press / Belknap Press. (Cross-listed: also relevant in section 03.)

14. ప్రేరణ, భావోద్వేగం మరియు శ్రేయస్సు (Wellbeing)

ఈ విభాగం ప్రేరణ సిద్ధాంతం (motivation theory), అంతర్గత/బాహ్య రివార్డులు (intrinsic/extrinsic rewards), భావోద్వేగం, అఫెక్టివ్ ఫోర్‌కాస్టింగ్, డ్యూరబిలిటీ బయాస్, సామాజిక-భావోద్వేగ ఎంపిక (socioemotional selectivity), వృద్ధాప్యంలో సానుకూలత ప్రభావం (positivity effect in aging), హాస్య మనస్తత్వశాస్త్రం మరియు శ్రేయస్సు (wellbeing) పై మూలాలను సేకరిస్తుంది. విభాగం 05 (స్వీయ-గ్రహణశక్తి) మరియు విభాగం 03 (మెమరీ) తో దగ్గరి సంబంధం కలిగి ఉంది. PEM బయోలాజికల్ రిసోర్స్ డొమైన్, అఫెక్టివ్ ఫోర్‌కాస్టింగ్ మరియు డ్యూరబిలిటీ బయాస్ చర్చలు, మోటివేషన్ ప్యూరిటీ బయాస్ మరియు వెల్బీయింగ్ ఫ్రేమింగ్‌కు సంబంధించినది.

పుస్తకాలు

1. R111 — Beck, A. T. (1979). Cognitive Therapy of Depression. Guilford Press.
2. R112 — Fredrickson, B. L. (2009). Positivity. Crown Publishers.
3. R113 — Hanson, R. (2013). Hardwiring Happiness: The New Brain Science of Contentment, Calm, and Confidence. Harmony Books.
4. R114 — Baumeister, R. F., & Tierney, J. (2019). The Power of Bad: How the Negativity Effect Rules Us and How We Can Rule It. Penguin Press.
5. R115 — Baumeister, R. F., & Tierney, J. (2011). Willpower: Rediscovering the Greatest Human Strength. Penguin Press.
6. R116 — Damasio, A. R. (1994). Descartes' Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain. Putnam.
7. R117 — Sharot, T. (2011). The Optimism Bias: A Tour of the Irrationally Positive Brain. Vintage / Pantheon.
8. R118 — Norem, J. K. (2001). The Positive Power of Negative Thinking. Basic Books.
9. R119 — Mischel, W. (2014). The Marshmallow Test: Mastering Self-Control. Little, Brown and Company.
10. R120 — Ainslie, G. (2001). Breakdown of Will. Cambridge University Press.
11. R121 — Pink, D. H. (2009). Drive: The Surprising Truth About What Motivates Us. Riverhead Books.
12. R122 — Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior. Plenum Press.
13. R123 — Frankl, V. E. (1959). Man's Search for Meaning. Beacon Press.
14. R124 — Shenk, J. W. (2005). Lincoln's Melancholy: How Depression Challenged a President and Fueled His Greatness. Houghton Mifflin.
15. R256 — Martin, R. A. (2007). The Psychology of Humor: An Integrative Approach. Academic Press.
16. R257 — Ziv, A. (1984). Personality and Sense of Humor. Springer.
17. R258 — Ruch, W. (Ed.). (1998). The Sense of Humor: Explorations of a Personality Characteristic. Mouton de Gruyter.

వ్యాసాలు, పేపర్లు మరియు అధ్యాయాలు

ఎక్స్‌పీరియన్స్‌డ్ యుటిలిటీ (Experienced Utility) మరియు సంతోషం యొక్క ఫౌండేషనల్ కాన్సెప్ట్‌లు

18. R302 — Kahneman, D., Krueger, A. B., Schkade, D., Schwarz, N., & Stone, A. (2006). Would you be happier if you were richer? A focusing illusion. Science, 312(5782), 1908–1910. (Cross-listed: also relevant in section 01.)
19. R304 — Kahneman, D., Wakker, P. P., & Sarin, R. (1997). Back to Bentham? Explorations of experienced utility. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 112(2), 375–406.

సోషియోఎమోషనల్ సెలెక్టివిటీ (Socioemotional Selectivity) మరియు వృద్ధాప్యంలో (Aging) సానుకూలత ప్రభావం

20. R640 — Carstensen, L. L., Isaacowitz, D. M., & Charles, S. T. (1999). Taking time seriously: A theory of socioemotional selectivity. American Psychologist, 54(3), 165–181.
21. R641 — Mather, M., & Knight, M. (2005). Goal-directed memory: The role of cognitive control in older adults' emotional memory. Psychology and Aging, 20(4), 554–570.
22. R642 — Wolpe, N., et al. (2025). Age-related positivity bias in emotion recognition is linked to lower cognitive performance and altered amygdala–orbitofrontal connectivity. Journal of Neuroscience.
23. R643 — Reed, A. E., Chan, L., & Mikels, J. A. (2014). Meta-analysis of the age-related positivity effect. Psychology and Aging, 29(1), 1–15.
24. R644 — Mather, M., & Carstensen, L. L. (2005). Aging and motivated cognition: The positivity effect in attention and memory. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9(10), 496–502.
25. R645 — Löckenhoff, C. E., & Carstensen, L. L. (2007). Aging, emotion, and health-related decision strategies. Psychology and Aging, 22(1), 134–146.

ప్రేరణ (Motivation): ఇంట్రిన్సిక్, ఎక్స్‌ట్రిన్సిక్, మరియు ప్యూరిటీ (Purity)

26. R732 — Heath, C. (1999). On the social psychology of agency relationships: Lay theories of motivation overemphasize extrinsic incentives. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 78(1), 25–62.
27. R733 — Deci, E. L. (1971). Effects of externally mediated rewards on intrinsic motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 18(1), 105–115.
28. R734 — Lepper, M. R., Greene, D., & Nisbett, R. E. (1973). Undermining children's intrinsic interest with extrinsic reward. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 28(1), 129–137.
29. R735 — Derfler-Rozin, R., & Pitesa, M. (2020). Motivation purity bias. Academy of Management Journal, 63(6), 1840–1864.
30. R736 — Titmuss, R. (1970). The Gift Relationship: From Human Blood to Social Policy. Allen & Unwin.
31. R737 — Taylor, F. W. (1911). The Principles of Scientific Management. Harper & Brothers.
32. R738 — Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25(1), 54–67.

అఫెక్టివ్ ఫోర్‌కాస్టింగ్ (Affective Forecasting) మరియు డ్యూరబిలిటీ బయాస్ (Durability Bias)

33. R772 — Gilbert, D. T., Pinel, E. C., Wilson, T. D., Blumberg, S. J., & Wheatley, T. P. (1998). Immune neglect: A source of durability bias in affective forecasting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(3), 617–638.
34. R773 — Wilson, T. D., Wheatley, T., Meyers, J. M., Gilbert, D. T., & Axsom, D. (2000). Focalism: A source of durability bias in affective forecasting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(5), 821–836.
35. R774 — Brickman, P., Coates, D., & Janoff-Bulman, R. (1978). Lottery winners and accident victims: Is happiness relative? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36(8), 917–927.
36. R775 — Levine, L. J., Lench, H. C., Kaplan, R. L., & Safer, M. A. (2012). Accuracy and artifact: Reexamining the intensity bias in affective forecasting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103(4), 584–605.
37. R776 — Wilson, T. D., & Gilbert, D. T. (2013). The impact bias is alive and well. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 105(5), 740–748.
38. R777 — Wilson, T. D., & Gilbert, D. T. (2003). Affective forecasting. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 35, pp. 345–411). Academic Press.
39. R778 — Loewenstein, G., & Schkade, D. (1999). Wouldn't it be nice? Predicting future feelings. In D. Kahneman, E. Diener, & N. Schwarz (Eds.), Well-Being: The Foundations of Hedonic Psychology (pp. 85–105). Russell Sage Foundation.

శ్రేయస్సు (Wellbeing) మరియు అనుకూలత (Adaptation)

40. A47 — Diener, E., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Beyond money: Toward an economy of well-being. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 5(1), 1–31.

15. ఆర్గనైజేషనల్ బిహేవియర్, మేనేజ్‌మెంట్ మరియు ఉత్పాదకత

ఈ విభాగం ఆర్గనైజేషనల్ బిహేవియర్, మేనేజ్‌మెంట్, ప్రొడక్టివిటీ సిస్టమ్స్, నాలెడ్జ్ వర్క్, సంస్థల్లో ఆటోమేషన్, ప్లానింగ్ ఫాలసీ (planning fallacy) మరియు రొటీన్ మరియు టైమ్ పర్సెప్షన్‌పై మూలాలను సేకరిస్తుంది. విభాగం 13 (నైపుణ్యం) మరియు విభాగం 16 (టెక్నాలజీ మరియు AI) తో దగ్గరి సంబంధం కలిగి ఉంది. PEM డెలిగేషన్ ప్రిన్సిపల్, డెలిగేషన్ సోపానక్రమం (ఆటోమేట్ → సిస్టమైజ్ → పార్టనర్), ఎగ్జిక్యూషన్ యొక్క రెండు మోడ్‌లు (ఆర్కిటెక్ట్/బిల్డర్), సమయం-నుండి-డబ్బుకు (time-to-money) ఉత్పత్తి-నుండి-డబ్బుకు (product-to-money) మారడం, ప్రసారం చేయగల (transmissible) ప్రమాణాలు, ప్లానింగ్ ఫాలసీ మరియు ఆటోమేషన్ బయాస్‌కి నేరుగా సంబంధించినది.

పుస్తకాలు

1. R216 — Brown, W. J., Malveau, R. C., McCormick, H. W., & Mowbray, T. J. (1998). AntiPatterns: Refactoring Software, Architectures, and Projects in Crisis. Wiley.
2. R218 — Kaplan, A. (1964). The Conduct of Inquiry: Methodology for Behavioral Science. Chandler Publishing.
3. R231 — Allen, D. (2001). Getting Things Done: The Art of Stress-Free Productivity. Penguin.
4. R232 — Newport, C. (2016). Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World. Grand Central Publishing.
5. R235 — Edmondson, A. C. (2018). The Fearless Organization: Creating Psychological Safety in the Workplace for Learning, Innovation, and Growth. Wiley.
6. R236 — Bohnet, I. (2016). What Works: Gender Equality by Design. Harvard University Press.
7. R237 — Flyvbjerg, B. (2003). Megaprojects and Risk: An Anatomy of Ambition. Cambridge University Press.
8. R238 — Flyvbjerg, B. (2021). How Big Things Get Done. Currency.
9. R270 — Gerber, M. E. (1995). The E-Myth Revisited: Why Most Small Businesses Don't Work and What to Do About It. HarperBusiness.
10. R271 — Sullivan, D., & Hardy, B. (2020). Who Not How: The Formula to Achieve Bigger Goals Through Accelerating Teamwork. Hay House Business.
11. R272 — Ferriss, T. (2007). The 4-Hour Workweek: Escape 9–5, Live Anywhere, and Join the New Rich. Crown Publishers.
12. R273 — Nonaka, I., & Takeuchi, H. (1995). The Knowledge-Creating Company: How Japanese Companies Create the Dynamics of Innovation. Oxford University Press.
13. R274 — Drucker, P. F. (1999). Management Challenges for the 21st Century. HarperBusiness.
14. R275 — Drucker, P. F. (1959). Landmarks of Tomorrow: A Report on the New "Post-Modern" World. Harper & Brothers.
15. R276 — Clark, D. (2017). Entrepreneurial You: Monetize Your Expertise, Create Multiple Income Streams, and Thrive. Harvard Business Review Press.
16. R277 — Vaynerchuk, G. (2009). Crush It! Why NOW Is the Time to Cash In on Your Passion. HarperStudio.
17. R280 — Meadows, D. H. (2008). Thinking in Systems: A Primer (D. Wright, Ed.). Chelsea Green Publishing.
18. R281 — Senge, P. M. (1990). The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization. Doubleday / Currency.
19. R284 — Parasuraman, R., & Mouloua, M. (Eds.). (1996). Automation and Human Performance: Theory and Applications. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
20. R285 — Wickens, C. D., & Hollands, J. G. (2000). Engineering Psychology and Human Performance (3rd ed.). Prentice Hall.
21. R286 — Lee, J. D., Wickens, C. D., Liu, Y., & Boyle, L. N. (2017). Designing for People: An Introduction to Human Factors Engineering (3rd ed.). CreateSpace.
22. R925 — Kim, W. C., & Mauborgne, R. (2005). Blue Ocean Strategy. Harvard Business Review Press.

వ్యాసాలు, పేపర్లు మరియు అధ్యాయాలు

ఆటోమేషన్ బయాస్ (Automation Bias)

23. R594 — Skitka, L. J., Mosier, K. L., & Burdick, M. (1999). Does automation bias decision-making? International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 51(5), 991–1006.
24. R595 — Parasuraman, R., & Manzey, D. H. (2010). Complacency and bias in human use of automation: An attentional integration. Human Factors, 52(3), 381–410.
25. R596 — Lee, J. D., & See, K. A. (2004). Trust in automation: Designing for appropriate reliance. Human Factors, 46(1), 50–80.
26. R597 — Lyell, D., & Coiera, E. (2017). Automation bias and verification complexity: A systematic review. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 24(2), 423–431.
27. R598 — Goddard, K., Roudsari, A., & Wyatt, J. C. (2012). Automation bias: A systematic review of frequency, effect mediators, and mitigators. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 19(1), 121–127.
28. R599 — Mosier, K. L., & Skitka, L. J. (1996). Human decision makers and automated decision aids. In R. Parasuraman & M. Mouloua (Eds.), Automation and Human Performance (pp. 201–220). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

రొటీన్ (Routine) మరియు టైమ్ పర్సెప్షన్ (Time Perception)

29. R658 — Avni-Babad, D., & Ritov, I. (2003). Routine and the perception of time. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 132(4), 543–550.
30. R659 — Roy, M. M., & Christenfeld, N. J. S. (2007). Bias in memory predicts bias in estimation of future task duration. Memory & Cognition, 35(3), 557–564.
31. R660 — Roy, M. M., & Christenfeld, N. J. S. (2008). Effect of task length on remembered and predicted duration. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 15(1), 202–207.
32. R661 — Harms, I. M., et al. (2021). Route familiarity and driving behavior: A systematic review. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour.

ప్లానింగ్ ఫాలసీ (Planning Fallacy)

33. R662 — Buehler, R., Griffin, D., & Ross, M. (1994). Exploring the "planning fallacy": Why people underestimate their task completion times. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(3), 366–381.
34. R663 — Buehler, R., Griffin, D., & Ross, M. (2002). Inside the planning fallacy. In Heuristics and Biases (pp. 250–270). Cambridge University Press.
35. R664 — Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1979). Intuitive prediction: Biases and corrective procedures. TIMS Studies in Management Science, 12, 313–327.
36. R665 — Kahneman, D., & Lovallo, D. (1993). Timid choices and bold forecasts: A cognitive perspective on risk taking. In R. Rumelt, D. Schendel, & D. Teece (Eds.), Fundamental Issues in Strategy (pp. 71–96). Harvard Business School Press.

16. టెక్నాలజీ, AI మరియు భవిష్యత్ పని (Future of Work)

ఈ విభాగం AI విప్లవం (AI revolution), ఉత్పాదకతపై జనరేటివ్ AI ప్రభావం, పని యొక్క భవిష్యత్తు (future of work) మరియు ఆటోమేషన్ యొక్క ఆర్థిక చిక్కుల (economic implications) పై మూలాలను సేకరిస్తుంది. విభాగం 15 (ఆర్గనైజేషనల్ బిహేవియర్) తో దగ్గరి సంబంధం కలిగి ఉంది. AI అంతరాయం (AI disruption) యొక్క PEM "మాక్రో కాంటెక్స్ట్" చర్చకు, "ఎకానమీ ఆఫ్ ట్రస్ట్" ఫ్రేమింగ్, డెలిగేషన్ హైరార్కీలో AI పాత్ర, AI-సహాయక నాణ్యత సమీక్ష (quality review), మరియు AI దేనిని సరుకుగా (commoditizes) మారుస్తుంది వర్సెస్ దేనిని కాపీ (replicate) చేయలేదనే చర్చకు నేరుగా సంబంధించినది.

పుస్తకాలు

1. R266 — Mollick, E. (2024). Co-Intelligence: Living and Working with AI. Portfolio / Penguin.
2. R267 — Brynjolfsson, E., & McAfee, A. (2014). The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies. W. W. Norton & Company.
3. R268 — Susskind, D. (2020). A World Without Work: Technology, Automation, and How We Should Respond. Metropolitan Books / Henry Holt.
4. R269 — Lee, K.-F. (2018). AI Superpowers: China, Silicon Valley, and the New World Order. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.

వ్యాసాలు, పేపర్లు మరియు అధ్యాయాలు

నాలెడ్జ్ వర్క్ మరియు ఉత్పాదకతపై AI ప్రభావం

5. A30 — Brynjolfsson, E., Li, D., & Raymond, L. R. (2025). Generative AI at work. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 140(2), 889–942.
6. A31 — Dell'Acqua, F., McFowland, E., Mollick, E., Lifshitz-Assaf, H., Kellogg, K., Rajendran, S., Krayer, L., Candelon, F., & Lakhani, K. R. (2023). Navigating the jagged technological frontier: Field experimental evidence of the effects of AI on knowledge worker productivity and quality. Harvard Business School Working Paper No. 24-013.
7. A32 — Noy, S., & Zhang, W. (2023). Experimental evidence on the productivity effects of generative artificial intelligence. Science, 381(6654), 187–192.
8. A33 — Eloundou, T., Manning, S., Mishkin, P., & Rock, D. (2024). GPTs are GPTs: Labor market impact potential of LLMs. Science, 384(6702), 1306–1308.
9. A34 — Acemoglu, D., & Restrepo, P. (2020). The wrong kind of AI? Artificial intelligence and the future of labor demand. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 13(1), 25–35.

లాంగ్వేజ్ మోడల్స్ (Language Models) లో AI మరియు బయాస్ (Bias)

10. R617 — Lee, M. H. J., Montgomery, J. M., & Lai, C. K. (2024). Large language models portray socially subordinate groups as more homogeneous, consistent with a bias observed in humans. Proceedings of the 2024 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (FAccT '24), 1321–1340. (Cross-listed: also relevant in section 07. Corrected per addendum item 7.)

అల్గారిథమిక్ బయాస్ (Algorithmic Bias)

11. R555 — Buolamwini, J., & Gebru, T. (2018). Gender shades: Intersectional accuracy disparities in commercial gender classification. Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, 81, 1–15. (Cross-listed: also relevant in section 07.)

17. ఇన్నోవేషన్, క్రియేటివిటీ మరియు సమస్య పరిష్కారం

ఈ విభాగం ఇన్నోవేషన్ థియరీ, ఫంక్షనల్ ఫిక్స్‌డ్‌నెస్ (functional fixedness), అంతర్దృష్టి సమస్యలు (insight problems), నాట్-ఇన్వెంటెడ్-హియర్ (Not-Invented-Here) సిండ్రోమ్, IKEA ప్రభావం (IKEA effect), ఆవిష్కరణల వ్యాప్తి (diffusion of innovations) మరియు సృజనాత్మకతపై మూలాలను సేకరిస్తుంది. విభాగం 13 (నైపుణ్యం) మరియు విభాగం 04 (గ్రహణశక్తి) తో దగ్గరి సంబంధం కలిగి ఉంది. ఎగ్జిక్యూషన్‌లో ఫంక్షనల్ ఫిక్స్‌డ్‌నెస్, డెలిగేషన్‌లో నాట్-ఇన్వెంటెడ్-హియర్ ట్రాప్, వ్యక్తిగత ఎగ్జిక్యూషన్‌కు విలువ ఇవ్వడంలో IKEA ప్రభావం, మరియు అవగాహన నవల (novel) పరిష్కారాలుగా ఎలా అనువదించబడుతుందనే (how understanding gets translated into novel solutions) PEM చర్చలకు సంబంధించినది.

పుస్తకాలు

1. R201 — Smith, A. (1776). The Wealth of Nations. W. Strahan and T. Cadell.
2. R202 — Wright, R. (2000). Nonzero: The Logic of Human Destiny. Pantheon Books.
3. R203 — Heffernan, M. (2011). Willful Blindness: Why We Ignore the Obvious at Our Peril. Walker & Company.
4. R204 — Chesterton, G. K. (1929). The Thing: Why I Am a Catholic. Sheed & Ward.
5. R205 — Burke, E. (1790). Reflections on the Revolution in France. J. Dodsley.
6. R206 — Hayek, F. A. (1988). The Fatal Conceit: The Errors of Socialism. University of Chicago Press.
7. R207 — Jacobs, J. (1961). The Death and Life of Great American Cities. Random House.
8. R208 — Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of Innovations (5th ed.). Free Press.
9. R209 — Morozov, E. (2013). To Save Everything, Click Here: The Folly of Technological Solutionism. PublicAffairs.
10. R210 — Sveiby, K. E., Gripenberg, P., & Segercrantz, B. (Eds.). (2012). Challenging the Innovation Paradigm. Routledge.
11. R211 — Godin, B. (2015). Innovation Contested: The Idea of Innovation over the Centuries. Routledge.
12. R212 — Mazzucato, M. (2013). The Entrepreneurial State: Debunking Public vs. Private Sector Myths. Anthem Press.
13. R213 — Hightower, J. (1973). Hard Tomatoes, Hard Times. Schenkman Publishing.
14. R214 — Godin, B., & Vinck, D. (Eds.). (2017). Critical Studies of Innovation: Alternative Approaches to the Pro-Innovation Bias. Edward Elgar Publishing.
15. R650 — Chesbrough, H. W. (2003). Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology. Harvard Business School Press.
16. R652 — Morison, E. E. (1966). Men, Machines, and Modern Times. MIT Press.
17. R569 — Weisberg, R. W. (2006). Creativity: Understanding Innovation in Problem Solving, Science, Invention, and the Arts. John Wiley & Sons.

వ్యాసాలు, పేపర్లు మరియు అధ్యాయాలు

ఫంక్షనల్ ఫిక్స్‌డ్‌నెస్ (Functional Fixedness) మరియు ఇన్‌సైట్ (Insight)

18. R564 — Duncker, K. (1945). On problem-solving. Psychological Monographs, 58(5), i–113.
19. R565 — German, T. P., & Defeyter, M. A. (2000). Immunity to functional fixedness in young children. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 7(4), 707–712.
20. R566 — German, T. P., & Barrett, H. C. (2005). Functional fixedness in a technologically sparse culture. Psychological Science, 16(1), 1–5. (Cross-listed: also relevant in section 18.)
21. R567 — Glucksberg, S., & Danks, J. H. (1968). Effects of discriminative labels and of nonsense labels upon availability of novel function. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 7, 72–76.
22. R568 — McCaffrey, T. (2012). Innovation relies on the obscure: A key to overcoming the classic problem of functional fixedness. Psychological Science, 23(3), 215–218.
23. R570 — Ohlsson, S. (2011). Insight. In Deep Learning: How the Mind Overrides Experience (pp. 79–116). Cambridge University Press.

నాట్-ఇన్వెంటెడ్-హియర్ (Not-Invented-Here) సిండ్రోమ్

24. R646 — Katz, R., & Allen, T. J. (1982). Investigating the Not Invented Here (NIH) syndrome. R&D Management, 12(1), 7–20.
25. R647 — Antons, D., & Piller, F. T. (2015). Opening the black box of "Not Invented Here." Academy of Management Perspectives, 29(2), 193–217.
26. R648 — Lichtenthaler, U., & Ernst, H. (2006). Attitudes to externally organizing knowledge management tasks. R&D Management, 36(4), 367–386.
27. R649 — Allen, T. J., Katz, R., Grady, J. J., & Slavin, N. (1988). Project team aging and performance. R&D Management, 18(4), 295–308.
28. R653 — Huston, L., & Sakkab, N. (2006). Connect and develop: Inside Procter & Gamble's new model for innovation. Harvard Business Review on Innovation (pp. 33–56). Harvard Business School Press.

ఆవిష్కరణల వ్యాప్తి (Diffusion of Innovations)

29. R793 — Rogers, E. M. (1962). Diffusion of Innovations. Free Press.
30. R794 — Ram, S., & Sheth, J. N. (1989). Consumer resistance to innovations. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 6(2), 5–14.
31. R795 — Abrahamson, E. (1996). Management fashion. Academy of Management Review, 21(1), 254–285.
32. R796 — Greenhalgh, T., Robert, G., Macfarlane, F., Bate, P., & Kyriakidou, O. (2004). Diffusion of innovations in service organizations. Milbank Quarterly, 82(4), 581–629.

IKEA ప్రభావం (The IKEA Effect)

33. R651 — Norton, M. I., Mochon, D., & Ariely, D. (2012). The IKEA effect: When labor leads to love. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 22(3), 453–460.
34. R957 — Wang, M., Rieger, M. O., & Hens, T. (2016). How time preferences differ. Journal of Economic Psychology, 52, 115–135.
35. R958 — Sarstedt, M., Neubert, D., & Barth, K. (2016). The IKEA effect: A conceptual replication. Journal of Marketing Behavior, 2(1), 56–67.
36. R959 — Franke, N., Schreier, M., & Kaiser, U. (2010). The "I designed it myself" effect in mass customization. Management Science, 56(1), 125–140.
37. R960 — Marsh, L. E., Gil, J., & Kanngiesser, P. (2022). The IKEA effect across cultures. Developmental Psychology.
38. R961 — Belk, R. (1988). Possessions and the extended self. Journal of Consumer Research, 15, 139–168.

18. తత్వశాస్త్రం, సైన్స్ మరియు ఎపిస్టెమాలజీ

ఈ విభాగం తత్వశాస్త్రం మరియు సైన్స్ చరిత్ర, ఎపిస్టెమాలజీ, పునరుత్పత్తి (reproducibility) సంక్షోభం, శాస్త్రీయ ఆవిష్కరణకు ప్రతిఘటన (resistance to scientific discovery) మరియు పునాది (foundational) తాత్విక గ్రంథాలపై మూలాలను సేకరిస్తుంది. విభాగం 01 (పునాది పక్షపాతాలు) తో దగ్గరి సంబంధం కలిగి ఉంది. PEM త్రిభుజీకరణ (triangulation), కాలిబ్రేటెడ్ ట్రస్ట్ (calibrated trust), డిస్‌కన్‌ఫర్మేషన్ సీకింగ్ (disconfirmation seeking), సెమ్మెల్‌వీస్ రిఫ్లెక్స్ (Semmelweis reflex), స్థాపించబడిన వ్యవస్థలలో (established systems) పక్షపాతం (bias) యొక్క నమూనాగా పునరుత్పత్తి సంక్షోభం, మరియు "సమాచారం వర్సెస్ అవగాహన" యొక్క తాత్విక పునాదులకు (philosophical foundations) సంబంధించినది.

పుస్తకాలు

1. R151 — Kuhn, T. S. (1962). The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. University of Chicago Press.
2. R154 — Chambers, C. (2017). The Seven Deadly Sins of Psychology: A Manifesto for Reforming the Culture of Scientific Practice. Princeton University Press.
3. R155 — Proctor, R. N., & Schiebinger, L. (Eds.). (2008). Agnotology: The Making and Unmaking of Ignorance. Stanford University Press.
4. R156 — Nuland, S. B. (2003). The Doctors' Plague: Germs, Childbed Fever, and the Strange Story of Ignác Semmelweis. W. W. Norton.
5. R157 — Sagan, C. (1995). The Demon-Haunted World: Science as a Candle in the Dark. Random House.
6. R158 — Shermer, M. (2011). The Believing Brain. Times Books.
7. R159 — Hyman, R. (1989). The Elusive Quarry: A Scientific Appraisal of Psychical Research. Prometheus Books.
8. R160 — Sober, E. (2015). Ockham's Razors: A User's Manual. Cambridge University Press.
9. R217 — Maslow, A. (1966). The Psychology of Science: A Reconnaissance. Harper & Row. (Cross-listed: also relevant in section 05.)
10. R249 — Plato. (~370 BCE). Phaedrus. (Various translations available.)
11. R250 — Bacon, F. (1620). Novum Organum.
12. R251 — Cicero. (45 BCE). De Natura Deorum [On the Nature of the Gods].
13. R252 — Beyerstein, B. L. (1996). Graphology. In G. Stein (Ed.), The Encyclopedia of the Paranormal. Prometheus Books.
14. R926 — McCosh, J. (1879). The method of the divine government. In Logic of the Sciences.

వ్యాసాలు, పేపర్లు మరియు అధ్యాయాలు

పునరుత్పత్తి (Reproducibility) మరియు మెటా-సైన్స్ (Meta-Science)

15. R444 — Open Science Collaboration. (2015). Estimating the reproducibility of psychological science. Science, 349(6251), aac4716.
16. R450 — Ioannidis, J. P. (2005). Why most published research findings are false. PLoS Medicine, 2(8), e124.
17. R451 — Munafò, M. R., et al. (2017). A manifesto for reproducible science. Nature Human Behaviour, 1, 0021.

శాస్త్రీయ ఆవిష్కరణకు ప్రతిఘటన (సెమ్మెల్‌వీస్ రిఫ్లెక్స్ - Semmelweis Reflex)

18. R468 — Barber, B. (1961). Resistance by scientists to scientific discovery. Science, 134(3479), 596–602.
19. R469 — Kahan, D. M. (2013). Ideology, motivated reasoning, and cognitive reflection. Judgment and Decision Making, 8(4), 407–424.
20. R470 — Campanario, J. M. (2009). Rejecting and resisting Nobel class discoveries: Accounts by Nobel Laureates. Scientometrics, 81(2), 549–565.
21. R471 — Gross, M., & McGoey, L. (2015). Introduction. In Routledge International Handbook of Ignorance Studies (pp. 1–14). Routledge.

19. సంస్కృతి, సమాజం, రాజకీయాలు మరియు చరిత్ర

ఈ విభాగం సంస్కృతి మరియు అభిజ్ఞాన (culture and cognition), క్రాస్-కల్చరల్ సైకాలజీ, రాజకీయ మరియు చారిత్రక విశ్లేషణ, క్షీణత (declinism), పుకార్ల మనస్తత్వశాస్త్రం (rumor psychology), నైతిక అదృష్టం (moral luck), ప్లాసిబో ప్రభావం (placebo effect) మరియు చారిత్రక కేస్ స్టడీస్‌పై మూలాలను సేకరిస్తుంది. విభాగం 06 (సోషల్ సైకాలజీ) మరియు విభాగం 07 (ఇంటర్‌గ్రూప్ రిలేషన్స్) తో దగ్గరి సంబంధం కలిగి ఉంది. బయాసెస్ (పక్షపాతాలు) అంతటా సాంస్కృతిక వైవిధ్యం (cultural variation), మాక్రో కాంటెక్స్ట్‌లో క్షీణత (declinism), మోరల్ లక్ మరియు అవుట్‌కమ్ బయాస్, ప్లాసిబో ఎఫెక్ట్ (మనస్సు-శరీర పరస్పర చర్యకు నిదర్శనం), మరియు చారిత్రక పరివర్తన (historical transition) కాలాల్లో పనిచేయడం వంటి PEM చికిత్సలకు సంబంధించినది.

పుస్తకాలు

1. R125 — O'Connor, C., & Weatherall, J. O. (2019). The Misinformation Age: How False Beliefs Spread. Yale University Press.
2. R168 — Rosling, H., Rosling, O., & Rönnlund, A. R. (2018). Factfulness: Ten Reasons We're Wrong About the World—and Why Things Are Better Than You Think. Flatiron Books.
3. R169 — Joffe, J. (2014). The Myth of America's Decline: Politics, Economics, and a Half Century of False Prophecies. Liveright.
4. R170 — Spengler, O. (1926). The Decline of the West. Alfred A. Knopf. (Original work published 1918.)
5. R171 — Herman, A. (1997). The Idea of Decline in Western History. Free Press.
6. R172 — Barnett, C. (1986). The Audit of War: The Illusion and Reality of Britain as a Great Nation. Macmillan.
7. R175 — Evans-Pritchard, E. E. (1937). Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic Among the Azande. Oxford University Press.
8. R177 — Nisbett, R. E. (2003). The Geography of Thought: How Asians and Westerners Think Differently... and Why. Free Press.
9. R178 — Mead, M. (1928). Coming of Age in Samoa. William Morrow.
10. R179 — Freeman, D. (1983). Margaret Mead and Samoa: The Making and Unmaking of an Anthropological Myth. Harvard University Press.
11. R180 — Foucault, M. (1975). Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. Gallimard.
12. R181 — Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture's Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations Across Nations (2nd ed.). Sage Publications.
13. R186 — Levy, N. (2011). Hard Luck: How Luck Undermines Free Will and Moral Responsibility. Oxford University Press.
14. R187 — Williams, B. (1981). Moral Luck: Philosophical Papers 1973-1980. Cambridge University Press.
15. R188 — Nussbaum, M. (1986). The Fragility of Goodness: Luck and Ethics in Greek Tragedy and Philosophy. Cambridge University Press.
16. R189 — Benedetti, F. (2014). Placebo Effects: Understanding the Mechanisms in Health and Disease (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
17. R190 — Kaptchuk, T. J., & Miller, F. G. (2018). Placebo Effects in Medicine: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. Springer.
18. R191 — Kirsch, I. (2010). The Emperor's New Drugs: Exploding the Antidepressant Myth. Basic Books.
19. R223 — Bergstrom, C. T., & West, J. D. (2020). Calling Bullshit: The Art of Skepticism in a Data-Driven World. Random House.
20. R224 — Davis, N. Z. (1983). The Return of Martin Guerre. Harvard University Press.
21. R225 — McWhinnie, D. (1974). The Tichborne Claimant: The Greatest Fraud of the Victorian Age. Routledge.
22. R255 — Calder, A. (1991). The Myth of the Blitz. Jonathan Cape.
23. R922 — Lewis, C. S. (1955). Surprised by Joy. Harcourt.

వ్యాసాలు, పేపర్లు మరియు అధ్యాయాలు

ప్లాసిబో ప్రభావం (Placebo Effect)

24. R607 — Beecher, H. K. (1955). The powerful placebo. Journal of the American Medical Association, 159(17), 1602–1606.
25. R608 — Hróbjartsson, A., & Gøtzsche, P. C. (2001). Is the placebo powerless? New England Journal of Medicine, 344(21), 1594–1602.
26. R609 — Kaptchuk, T. J., et al. (2010). Placebos without deception: A randomized controlled trial in irritable bowel syndrome. PLOS ONE, 5(12), e15591.
27. R610 — Hall, K. T., et al. (2012). Catechol-O-methyltransferase val158met polymorphism predicts placebo effect in irritable bowel syndrome. PLOS ONE, 7(10), e48135.
28. R611 — Moseley, J. B., et al. (2002). A controlled trial of arthroscopic surgery for osteoarthritis of the knee. New England Journal of Medicine, 347(2), 81–88.
29. R612 — Hall, K. T., & Kaptchuk, T. J. (2015). Genetic biomarkers of placebo response. In L. Colloca (Ed.), Placebo and Pain (pp. 245–260). Academic Press.

రూమర్ సైకాలజీ (Rumor Psychology)

30. R239 — DiFonzo, N., & Bordia, P. (2007). Rumor Psychology: Social and Organizational Approaches. American Psychological Association.
31. R240 — Allport, G. W., & Postman, L. (1947). The Psychology of Rumor. Henry Holt and Company.
32. R241 — Shibutani, T. (1966). Improvised News: A Sociological Study of Rumor. Bobbs-Merrill.
33. R242 — Kapferer, J. N. (1990). Rumors: Uses, Interpretations, and Images. Transaction Publishers.
34. R243 — Fine, G. A. (1992). Manufacturing Tales: Sex and Money in Contemporary Legends. University of Tennessee Press.

మోరల్ లక్ (Moral Luck)

35. R766 — Nagel, T. (1979). Moral luck. In Mortal Questions (pp. 24–38). Cambridge University Press.
36. R767 — Kneer, M., & Machery, E. (2019). No luck for moral luck. Cognition, 182, 331–348.
37. R768 — Knobe, J. (2003). Intentional action and side effects in ordinary language. Analysis, 63(3), 190–194.
38. R769 — Zimmerman, M. (2002). Taking luck seriously. Journal of Philosophy, 99(11), 553–576.
39. R770 — Elchardus, M., & Spruyt, B. (2016). Populism, persistent republicanism and declinism. Government and Opposition, 51(1), 111–133.
40. R771 — Eibach, R. P., & Libby, L. K. (2009). Ideology of the good old days. In J. T. Jost, A. C. Kay, & H. Thorisdottir (Eds.), Social and Psychological Bases of Ideology and System Justification (pp. 402–423). Oxford University Press.

సంస్కృతి మరియు అభిజ్ఞాన (Culture and Cognition)

41. R920 — Nisbett, R. E., et al. (2001). Culture and systems of thought: Holistic versus analytic cognition. Psychological Review, 108(2), 291–310.

20. మీడియా, తప్పుడు సమాచారం (Misinformation) మరియు పర్యావరణ సమాచారం

ఈ విభాగం మీడియా ఎఫెక్ట్స్, తప్పుడు సమాచారం (misinformation) మరియు దాని సవరణ, ఫిల్టర్ బబుల్స్ (filter bubbles), అటెన్షన్ ఎకానమీ (attention economy) మరియు ఇన్ఫర్మేషన్ ఎన్విరాన్‌మెంట్‌పై మూలాలను సేకరిస్తుంది. విభాగం 08 (పెర్సుయేషన్) మరియు విభాగం 06 (సోషల్ సైకాలజీ) తో దగ్గరి సంబంధం కలిగి ఉంది. ఎకానమీ ఆఫ్ అటెన్షన్ (Economy of Attention), ఎకానమీ ఆఫ్ ట్రస్ట్ (Economy of Trust) కు మారడం అనే PEM "మాక్రో కాంటెక్స్ట్" ఫ్రేమింగ్‌కు, ఇల్యూసరీ ట్రూత్ ఎఫెక్ట్ (illusory truth effect), కంటెంట్ సంతృప్తత (content saturation), మరియు పర్సెప్షన్ మరియు ట్రస్ట్ ఫార్మేషన్‌ను (trust formation) రూపొందించడంలో మీడియా పాత్రకు సంబంధించినది.

పుస్తకాలు

1. R126 — Lewandowsky, S., & Cook, J. (2020). The Debunking Handbook 2020. University of Queensland.
2. R127 — Pariser, E. (2011). The Filter Bubble: What the Internet Is Hiding from You. Penguin Press.
3. R130 — Carr, N. (2010). The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains. W. W. Norton.
4. R131 — Perloff, R. M. (2014). The Dynamics of Persuasion: Communication and Attitudes in the 21st Century (5th ed.). Routledge. (Cross-listed: also relevant in section 08.)
5. R132 — Bryant, J., & Oliver, M. B. (Eds.). (2009). Media Effects: Advances in Theory and Research (3rd ed.). Routledge.
6. R133 — McQuail, D. (2010). McQuail's Mass Communication Theory (6th ed.). SAGE Publications.
7. R134 — Mackay, C. (1841). Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds. Richard Bentley.
8. R135 — Surowiecki, J. (2004). The Wisdom of Crowds. Doubleday.
9. R167 — Crystal, D. (2008). Txtng: The Gr8 Db8. Oxford University Press.
10. R58 — Sunstein, C. R. (2017). #Republic: Divided Democracy in the Age of Social Media. Princeton University Press.

వ్యాసాలు, పేపర్లు మరియు అధ్యాయాలు

తప్పుడు సమాచారం (Misinformation) మరియు సవరణ (Correction)

11. R465 — Lewandowsky, S., Ecker, U. K. H., Seifert, C. M., Schwarz, N., & Cook, J. (2012). Misinformation and its correction. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 13(3), 106–131.
12. R466 — Walter, N., & Murphy, S. T. (2018). How to unring the bell: A meta-analytic approach to correction of misinformation. Communication Monographs, 85(3), 423–441.
13. R467 — Ecker, U. K. H., Lewandowsky, S., & Tang, D. T. W. (2010). Explicit warnings reduce but do not eliminate the continued influence of misinformation. Memory & Cognition, 38(8), 1087–1100. (Cross-listed: also relevant in section 01.)

పబ్లిక్ ఒపీనియన్ (Public Opinion) మరియు ఇన్ఫర్మేషన్ స్ప్రెడ్ (Information Spread)

14. R182 — Noelle-Neumann, E. (1984). The Spiral of Silence: Public Opinion—Our Social Skin. University of Chicago Press. (Cross-listed: also relevant in section 06.)
15. R96 — Lippmann, W. (1922). Public Opinion. Harcourt, Brace and Company. (Cross-listed: also relevant in section 06.)