Bibliografia PEM
01. Vieses cognitivos e heurísticas (fundamentos)
Obras basilares e panorâmicas sobre vieses cognitivos, heurísticas, raciocínio de processo duplo e a arquitetura geral do julgamento humano. As fontes incluídas ou estabelecem um viés como fenómeno ou sintetizam a literatura mais ampla.
Livros
- R1 — Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, Fast and Slow. Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
- R2 — Ariely, D. (2008). Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our Decisions. HarperCollins.
- R3 — Ariely, D. (2010). The Upside of Irrationality. HarperCollins.
- R4 — Ariely, D. (2012). The Honest Truth About Dishonesty: How We Lie to Everyone—Especially Ourselves. Harper.
- R7 — Gigerenzer, G. (2007). Gut Feelings: The Intelligence of the Unconscious. Viking.
- R9 — Gigerenzer, G. (2008). Rationality for Mortals: How People Cope with Uncertainty. Oxford University Press.
- R10 — Gigerenzer, G., Todd, P. M., & ABC Research Group. (1999). Simple Heuristics That Make Us Smart. Oxford University Press.
- R15 — Gilovich, T. (1991). How We Know What Isn't So: The Fallibility of Human Reason in Everyday Life. Free Press.
- R16 — Gilovich, T., Griffin, D., & Kahneman, D. (Eds.). (2002). Heuristics and Biases: The Psychology of Intuitive Judgment. Cambridge University Press.
- R22 — Baron, J. (2008). Thinking and Deciding (4th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
- R27 — Heuer, R. J. (1999). Psychology of Intelligence Analysis. Center for the Study of Intelligence.
- R28 — Kahneman, D., Slovic, P., & Tversky, A. (Eds.). (1982). Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases. Cambridge University Press.
- R48 — Chabris, C., & Simons, D. (2010). The Invisible Gorilla: How Our Intuitions Deceive Us. Crown.
- R55 — Hastie, R., & Dawes, R. M. (2010). Rational Choice in an Uncertain World: The Psychology of Judgment and Decision Making. SAGE Publications.
- R76 — Lewis, M. (2016). The Undoing Project: A Friendship That Changed Our Minds. W. W. Norton.
- R103 — Trivers, R. (2011). The Folly of Fools: The Logic of Deceit and Self-Deception in Human Life. Basic Books.
- R141 — Bazerman, M. H., & Moore, D. A. (2012). Judgment in Managerial Decision Making (8th ed.). Wiley.
- R150 — Shotton, R. (2018). The Choice Factory: 25 Behavioural Biases That Influence What We Buy. Harriman House.
- R152 — Mercier, H., & Sperber, D. (2017). The Enigma of Reason. Harvard University Press.
- R153 — Stanovich, K. E. (2009). What Intelligence Tests Miss: The Psychology of Rational Thought. Yale University Press.
- R215 — Munger, C. (2005). Poor Charlie's Almanack: The Wit and Wisdom of Charles T. Munger. Donning Company.
- R279 — Dobelli, R. (2013). The Art of Thinking Clearly. Harper / HarperCollins.
Artigos, estudos e capítulos
Artigos basilares de Tversky & Kahneman
- R289 — Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1973). Availability: A heuristic for judging frequency and probability. Cognitive Psychology, 5(2), 207–232.
- R290 — Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1974). Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Science, 185(4157), 1124–1131.
- R291 — Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1971). Belief in the law of small numbers. Psychological Bulletin, 76(2), 105–110.
- R292 — Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1973). On the psychology of prediction. Psychological Review, 80(4), 237–251.
- R294 — Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1983). Extensional versus intuitive reasoning: The conjunction fallacy in probability judgment. Psychological Review, 90(4), 293–315.
- R298 — Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1972). Subjective probability: A judgment of representativeness. Cognitive Psychology, 3(3), 430–454.
- R305 — Kahneman, D., & Frederick, S. (2002). Representativeness revisited: Attribute substitution in intuitive judgment. In T. Gilovich, D. Griffin, & D. Kahneman (Eds.), Heuristics and Biases: The Psychology of Intuitive Judgment (pp. 49–81). Cambridge University Press.
Heurística de disponibilidade
- R306 — Schwarz, N., Bless, H., Strack, F., Klumpp, G., Rittenauer-Schatka, H., & Simons, A. (1991). Ease of retrieval as information: Another look at the availability heuristic. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(2), 195–202.
- R307 — Lichtenstein, S., Slovic, P., Fischhoff, B., Layman, M., & Combs, B. (1978). Judged frequency of lethal events. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 4(6), 551–578.
- R308 — Kuran, T., & Sunstein, C. R. (1999). Availability cascades and risk regulation. Stanford Law Review, 51(4), 683–768.
Taxa base, representatividade, conjunção
- R349 — Gigerenzer, G., & Hoffrage, U. (1995). How to improve Bayesian reasoning without instruction: Frequency formats. Psychological Review, 102(4), 684–704.
- R350 — Bar-Hillel, M. (1980). The base-rate fallacy in probability judgments. Acta Psychologica, 44(3), 211–233.
- R351 — Koehler, J. J. (1996). The base rate fallacy reconsidered. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 19(1), 1–17.
- R352 — Meehl, P. E., & Rosen, A. (1955). Antecedent probability and the efficiency of psychometric signs, patterns, or cutting scores. Psychological Bulletin, 52(3), 194–216.
- R353 — Hattori, M., & Nishida, Y. (2009). Why does the base rate appear to be ignored? Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 16(6), 1065–1070.
Ancoragem e enquadramento
- R293 — Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1981). The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice. Science, 211(4481), 453–458.
- R386 — Strack, F., & Mussweiler, T. (1997). Explaining the enigmatic anchoring effect: Mechanisms of selective accessibility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73(3), 437–446.
- R387 — Epley, N., & Gilovich, T. (2006). The anchoring-and-adjustment heuristic: Why the adjustments are insufficient. Psychological Science, 17(4), 311–318.
- R388 — Englich, B., Mussweiler, T., & Strack, F. (2006). Playing dice with criminal sentences. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32(2), 188–200.
- R389 — Ariely, D., Loewenstein, G., & Prelec, D. (2003). "Coherent arbitrariness": Stable demand curves without stable preferences. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118(1), 73–106.
- R390 — Chapman, G. B., & Johnson, E. J. (2002). Incorporating the irrelevant: Anchors in judgments of belief and value. In T. Gilovich, D. Griffin, & D. Kahneman (Eds.), Heuristics and Biases (pp. 120–138). Cambridge University Press.
- R411 — Levin, I. P., Schneider, S. L., & Gaeth, G. J. (1998). All frames are not created equal: A typology and critical analysis of framing effects. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 76(2), 149–188.
- R412 — De Martino, B., Kumaran, D., Seymour, B., & Dolan, R. J. (2006). Frames, biases, and rational decision-making in the human brain. Science, 313(5787), 684–687.
- R413 — Levin, I. P., Gaeth, G. J., Schreiber, J., & Lauriola, M. (2002). A new look at framing effects: Distribution of effect sizes, individual differences, and independence of types of effects. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 88, 411–429.
Viés de confirmação e falhas de raciocínio
- R423 — Wason, P. C. (1960). On the failure to eliminate hypotheses in a conceptual task. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 12(3), 129–140.
- R424 — Lord, C. G., Ross, L., & Lepper, M. R. (1979). Biased assimilation and attitude polarization: The effects of prior theories on subsequently considered evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37(11), 2098–2109.
- R425 — Nickerson, R. S. (1998). Confirmation bias: A ubiquitous phenomenon in many guises. Review of General Psychology, 2(2), 175–220.
- R426 — Mercier, H., & Sperber, D. (2011). Why do humans reason? Arguments for an argumentative theory. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 34(2), 57–74.
- R427 — Klayman, J. (1995). Varieties of confirmation bias. In J. Busemeyer, R. Hastie, & D. L. Medin (Eds.), Decision Making from a Cognitive Perspective (pp. 385–418). Academic Press.
- R428 — Klayman, J., & Ha, Y.-W. (1987). Confirmation, disconfirmation, and information in hypothesis testing. Psychological Review, 94(2), 211–228.
- R429 — Trope, Y., & Bassok, M. (1982). Confirmatory and diagnosing strategies in social information gathering. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43(1), 22–34.
Teoria do processo dual
- R430 — Evans, J. St. B. T. (2007). Hypothetical thinking: Dual processes in reasoning and judgment. Psychology of Learning and Motivation, 46, 1–39.
- R587 — Evans, J. St. B. T. (2008). Dual-processing accounts of reasoning, judgment, and social cognition. Annual Review of Psychology, 59, 255–278.
- R581 — Stupple, E. J. N., Ball, L. J., Evans, J. St. B. T., & Kamal-Smith, E. (2011). When logic and belief collide: Individual differences in reasoning times support a selective processing model. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 23(8), 931–941.
Ponto cego do viés e realismo ingénuo
- R472 — Pronin, E., Lin, D. Y., & Ross, L. (2002). The bias blind spot: Perceptions of bias in self versus others. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(3), 369–381.
- R473 — Pronin, E., & Kugler, M. B. (2007). Valuing thoughts, ignoring behavior: The introspection illusion as a source of the bias blind spot. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43(4), 565–578.
- R474 — West, R. F., Meserve, R. J., & Stanovich, K. E. (2012). Cognitive sophistication does not attenuate the bias blind spot. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103(3), 506–519.
- R475 — Scopelliti, I., Morewedge, C. K., McCormick, E., Min, H. L., Lebrecht, S., & Kassam, K. S. (2015). Bias blind spot: Structure, measurement, and consequences. Management Science, 61(10), 2468–2486.
- R476 — Morewedge, C. K., Yoon, H., Scopelliti, I., Symborski, C. W., Korris, J. H., & Kassam, K. S. (2015). Debiasing decisions: Improved decision making with a single training intervention. Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 2(1), 129–140.
- R477 — Ross, L., & Ward, A. (1996). Naive realism in everyday life. In E. S. Reed, E. Turiel, & T. Brown (Eds.), Values and Knowledge (pp. 103–135). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- R731 — Pronin, E. (2007). Perception and misperception of bias in human judgment. In J. M. Darley, D. M. Messick, & T. R. Tyler (Eds.), Social Influences on Ethical Behavior in Organizations (pp. 37–53). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Cinismo ingénuo
- R478 — Kruger, J., & Gilovich, T. (1999). "Naïve cynicism": Everyday theories of responsibility assessment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(5), 743–753.
- R479 — Benforado, A., & Hanson, J. (2008). Naïve cynicism: Maintaining false perceptions in policy debates. Emory Law Journal, 57(3), 499–596.
- R480 — Takeda, M., & Numazaki, M. (2010). Naïve cynicism among Japanese dating couples. Japanese Journal of Social Psychology, 26(1), 35–42.
- R481 — Mills, C. M., & Keil, F. C. (2005). The development of cynicism. Psychological Science, 16(5), 385–390.
Visões gerais sobre vieses e meta-análises
- R469 — Kahan, D. M. (2013). Ideology, motivated reasoning, and cognitive reflection. Judgment and Decision Making, 8(4), 407–424.
- R506 — Nisbett, R., & Ross, L. (1980). Human Inference: Strategies and Shortcomings of Social Judgment. Prentice-Hall.
Contraste, distinção e avaliabilidade
- R397 — Helson, H. (1964). Adaptation-Level Theory: An Experimental and Systematic Approach to Behavior. Harper & Row.
- R398 — Mussweiler, T. (2003). Comparison processes in social judgment: Mechanisms and consequences. Psychological Review, 110(3), 472–489.
- R399 — Kenrick, D. T., & Gutierres, S. E. (1980). Contrast effects and judgments of physical attractiveness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38(1), 131–140.
- R400 — Pepitone, A., & DiNubile, M. (1976). Contrast effects in judgments of crime severity and the punishment of criminal violators. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 33(4), 448–459.
- R402 — Hsee, C. K., & Zhang, J. (2004). Distinction bias: Misprediction and mischoice due to joint evaluation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86(5), 680–695.
- R403 — Hsee, C. K. (1996). The evaluability hypothesis. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 67(3), 247–257.
- R404 — Bohnet, I., van Geen, A., & Bazerman, M. (2016). When performance trumps gender bias: Joint vs. separate evaluation. Management Science, 62(5), 1225–1234.
- R405 — Anvari, F., Olsen, J., Hung, W. Y., & Feldman, G. (2021). Distinction bias and preference reversals between joint and separate evaluations: A replication and extension. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 92, 104059.
Ilusão de focagem
- R407 — Schkade, D. A., & Kahneman, D. (1998). Does living in California make people happy? A focusing illusion in judgments of life satisfaction. Psychological Science, 9(5), 340–346.
- R408 — Kőszegi, B., & Szeidl, Á. (2013). A model of focusing in economic choice. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 128(1), 53–104.
- R409 — Lam, K. C., Buehler, R., McFarland, C., Ross, M., & Cheung, I. (2005). Cultural differences in affective forecasting: The role of focalism. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31(9), 1296–1309.
- R410 — Dertwinkel-Kalt, M., & Wenzel, T. (2017). Focusing and framing of risky alternatives. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 159, 289–304.
Conservadorismo, revisão de crenças
- R391 — Edwards, W. (1968). Conservatism in human information processing. In B. Kleinmuntz (Ed.), Formal Representation of Human Judgment. Wiley.
- R392 — Phillips, L. D., & Edwards, W. (1966). Conservatism in a simple probability inference task. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 72(3), 346–354.
- R395 — Corner, A., Harris, A. J. L., & Hahn, U. (2010). Conservatism in belief revision and participant skepticism. Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society.
- R396 — Lefebvre, G., Lebreton, M., Meyniel, F., Bourgeois-Gironde, S., & Palminteri, S. (2017). Behavioural and neural characterization of optimistic reinforcement learning. Nature Human Behaviour, 1, 0067.
Correlação ilusória e perceção de padrões
- R523 — Chapman, L. J., & Chapman, J. P. (1967). Genesis of popular but erroneous psychodiagnostic observations. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 72(3), 193–204.
- R524 — Chapman, L. J., & Chapman, J. P. (1969). Illusory correlation as an obstacle to the use of valid psychodiagnostic signs. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 74(3), 271–280.
- R525 — Hamilton, D. L., & Gifford, R. K. (1976). Illusory correlation in interpersonal perception. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 12(4), 392–407.
- R526 — Fiedler, K. (2000). Illusory correlations: A simple associative algorithm provides a convergent account of seemingly divergent paradigms. Review of General Psychology, 4(1), 25–58.
- R527 — Redelmeier, D. A., & Tversky, A. (1996). On the belief that arthritis pain is related to the weather. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 93(7), 2895–2896.
- R528 — Fiedler, K., & Freytag, P. (2004). Pseudocontingencies. In R. Pohl (Ed.), Cognitive Illusions (pp. 97–114). Psychology Press.
Influência contínua da desinformação
- R464 — Johnson, H. M., & Seifert, C. M. (1994). Sources of the continued influence effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 20(6), 1420–1436.
- R467 — Ecker, U. K. H., Lewandowsky, S., & Tang, D. T. W. (2010). Explicit warnings reduce but do not eliminate the continued influence of misinformation. Memory & Cognition, 38(8), 1087–1100.
Efeito de ricochete
- R989 — Nyhan, B., & Reifler, J. (2010). When corrections fail: The persistence of political misperceptions. Political Behavior, 32(2), 303–330.
- R990 — Wood, T., & Porter, E. (2019). The elusive backfire effect: Mass attitudes' steadfast factual adherence. Political Behavior, 41(1), 135–163.
- R991 — Kaplan, J. T., Gimbel, S. I., & Harris, S. (2016). Neural correlates of maintaining one's political beliefs in the face of counterevidence. Scientific Reports, 6, 39589.
02. Julgamento e tomada de decisão sob incerteza
Teoria do prospeto, decisão sob risco e incerteza, julgamento de probabilidade, raciocínio de custos irrecuperáveis, escolha intertemporal e as anomalias centrais do comportamento de escolha.
Livros
- R11 — Taleb, N. N. (2005). Fooled by Randomness: The Hidden Role of Chance in Life and in the Markets (2nd ed.). Random House.
- R12 — Taleb, N. N. (2007). The Black Swan: The Impact of the Highly Improbable. Random House.
- R13 — Taleb, N. N. (2012). Antifragile: Things That Gain from Disorder. Random House.
- R14 — Taleb, N. N. (2018). Skin in the Game: Hidden Asymmetries in Daily Life. Random House.
- R24 — Mlodinow, L. (2008). The Drunkard's Walk: How Randomness Rules Our Lives. Pantheon Books.
- R59 — Mauboussin, M. J. (2012). The Success Equation: Untangling Skill and Luck in Business, Sports, and Investing. Harvard Business Review Press.
- R60 — Silver, N. (2012). The Signal and the Noise: Why So Many Predictions Fail—But Some Don't. Penguin Press.
- R64 — Knight, F. H. (1921). Risk, Uncertainty, and Profit. Houghton Mifflin.
- R65 — Savage, L. J. (1954). The Foundations of Statistics. John Wiley & Sons.
- R66 — Ellsberg, D. (2001). Risk, Ambiguity and Decision. Routledge.
- R67 — Gilboa, I. (2009). Theory of Decision under Uncertainty. Cambridge University Press.
- R68 — Hansen, L. P., & Sargent, T. J. (2008). Robustness. Princeton University Press.
- R18 — Tetlock, P. E. (2005). Expert Political Judgment: How Good Is It? How Can We Know? Princeton University Press.
- R19 — Tetlock, P. E., & Gardner, D. (2015). Superforecasting: The Art and Science of Prediction. Crown.
- R195 — Hand, D. J. (2014). The Improbability Principle: Why Coincidences, Miracles, and Rare Events Happen Every Day. Scientific American / Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
- R198 — Gladwell, M. (2005). Blink: The Power of Thinking Without Thinking. Little, Brown.
- R199 — Iyengar, S. (2010). The Art of Choosing. Twelve.
- R200 — Schwartz, B. (2004). The Paradox of Choice: Why More Is Less. Harper Perennial.
- R234 — Meehl, P. E. (1954). Clinical vs. Statistical Prediction: A Theoretical Analysis and a Review of the Evidence. University of Minnesota Press.
- R278 — Duke, A. (2018). Thinking in Bets: Making Smarter Decisions When You Don't Have All the Facts. Portfolio / Penguin.
- R687 — Von Neumann, J., & Morgenstern, O. (1944). Theory of Games and Economic Behavior. Princeton University Press.
Tomada de decisão sob profunda incerteza (aditamentos)
- A39 — Lempert, R. J., Popper, S. W., & Bankes, S. C. (2003). Shaping the Next One Hundred Years: New Methods for Quantitative, Long-Term Policy Analysis. RAND Corporation.
- A40 — Marchau, V. A. W. J., Walker, W. E., Bloemen, P. J. T. M., & Popper, S. W. (Eds.). (2019). Decision Making under Deep Uncertainty: From Theory to Practice. Springer.
Artigos, estudos e capítulos
Núcleo da teoria do prospeto
- R295 — Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1992). Advances in prospect theory: Cumulative representation of uncertainty. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 5(4), 297–323.
- R296 — Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1991). Loss aversion in riskless choice: A reference-dependent model. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106(4), 1039–1061.
- R297 — Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica, 47(2), 263–291.
- R299 — Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1984). Choices, values, and frames. American Psychologist, 39(4), 341–350.
- R300 — Kahneman, D., Knetsch, J. L., & Thaler, R. H. (1990). Experimental tests of the endowment effect and the Coase theorem. Journal of Political Economy, 98(6), 1325–1348.
- R301 — Kahneman, D., Knetsch, J. L., & Thaler, R. H. (1991). Anomalies: The endowment effect, loss aversion, and status quo bias. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 5(1), 193–206.
- R955 — Ruggeri, K., et al. (2020). Replicating patterns of prospect theory for decision under risk. Nature Human Behaviour, 4, 622–633.
- R956 — Gal, D., & Rucker, D. D. (2018). The loss of loss aversion: Will it loom larger than its gain? Journal of Consumer Psychology, 28(3), 497–516.
Efeito de dotação, disposição para pagar vs. aceitar
- R985 — Carmon, Z., & Ariely, D. (2000). Focusing on the forgone: How value can appear so different to buyers and sellers. Journal of Consumer Research, 27(3), 360–370.
- R986 — List, J. A. (2003). Does market experience eliminate market anomalies? Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118(1), 41–71.
- R987 — Plott, C. R., & Zeiler, K. (2005). The willingness to pay–willingness to accept gap, the "endowment effect," subject misconceptions, and experimental procedures for eliciting valuations. American Economic Review, 95(3), 530–545.
- R988 — Maddux, W. W., Yang, H., Falk, C., Adam, H., Adair, W., Endo, Y., et al. (2010). For whom is parting with possessions more painful? Psychological Science, 21(12), 1910–1917.
Custos irrecuperáveis e escalada de compromisso
- R943 — Arkes, H. R., & Blumer, C. (1985). The psychology of sunk cost. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 35(1), 124–140.
- R944 — Staw, B. M., & Hoang, H. (1995). Sunk costs in the NBA. Administrative Science Quarterly, 40(3), 474–494.
- R945 — Thaler, R. (1980). Toward a positive theory of consumer choice. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 1, 39–60.
- R946 — Staw, B. M. (1976). Knee-deep in the big muddy: A study of escalating commitment to a chosen course of action. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16(1), 27–44.
- R947 — Staw, B. M., & Ross, J. (1987). Behavior in escalation situations: Antecedents, prototypes, and solutions. Research in Organizational Behavior, 9, 39–78.
- R948 — Keil, M., et al. (2000). A cross-cultural study on escalation of commitment behavior in software projects. MIS Quarterly, 24(2), 299–325.
- R949 — Ross, J., & Staw, B. M. (1993). Organizational escalation and exit: Lessons from the Shoreham Nuclear Power Plant. Academy of Management Journal, 36(4), 701–732.
- R992 — Cho, K. Y., & Critcher, C. R. (2025). Doubling-back aversion: A reluctance to make progress by undoing it. Psychological Science.
- R993 — Arkes, H. R. (1996). The psychology of waste. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making.
Viés de status quo, omissão, ação
- R344 — Ritov, I., & Baron, J. (1990). Reluctance to vaccinate: Omission bias and ambiguity. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 3(4), 263–277.
- R345 — Spranca, M., Minsk, E., & Baron, J. (1991). Omission and commission in judgment and choice. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 27(1), 76–105.
- R346 — Baron, J., & Ritov, I. (1994). Reference points and omission bias. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 59(3), 475–498.
- R347 — DeScioli, P., & Kurzban, R. (2013). A solution to the mysteries of morality. Psychological Bulletin, 139(2), 477–496.
- R348 — Bar-Eli, M., Azar, O. H., Ritov, I., Keidar-Levin, Y., & Schein, G. (2007). Action bias among elite soccer goalkeepers. Journal of Economic Psychology, 28(5), 606–621.
- R901 — Patt, A., & Zeckhauser, R. (2000). Action bias and environmental decisions. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 21(1), 45–72.
- R902 — Barber, B. M., & Odean, T. (2000). Trading is hazardous to your wealth. Journal of Finance, 55(2), 773–806.
- R904 — Berger, R. (2011). Should I stay or should I go? On the goalkeeper's dilemma in penalty shootouts. Journal of Economic Psychology.
- R905 — Ritov, I., & Baron, J. (1992). Status quo and omission biases. Advances in Decision Making (pp. 59–78). Elsevier.
Julgamento de probabilidade, teoria de suporte, subaditividade
- R691 — Tversky, A., & Koehler, D. J. (1994). Support theory: A nonextensional representation of subjective probability. Psychological Review, 101(4), 547–567.
- R692 — Fox, C. R., & Tversky, A. (1998). A belief-based account of decision under uncertainty. Management Science, 44(7), 879–895.
- R693 — Redelmeier, D. A., Koehler, D. J., Liberman, V., & Tversky, A. (1995). Probability judgement in medicine. Medical Decision Making, 15(3), 227–230.
- R694 — Bearden, J. N., Wallsten, T. S., & Fox, C. R. (2004). Subadditivity and similarity in probabilistic judgments. Working Paper, University of Arizona.
- R695 — Thomas, R. P., Dougherty, M. R., Sprenger, A. M., & Harbison, J. I. (2008). Diagnostic hypothesis generation and human judgment. Psychological Review, 115(1), 155–185.
- R696 — Koehler, D. J. (2000). Explanation, imagination, and confidence in judgment. In D. Griffin, D. J. Koehler, & N. Harvey (Eds.), Blackwell Handbook of Judgment and Decision Making (pp. 499–519). Blackwell Publishing.
- R500 — Lichtenstein, S., & Slovic, P. (1971). Reversals of preference between bids and choices in gambling decisions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 89(1), 46–55.
Negligência da probabilidade, risco temido, heurística do afeto no risco
- R498 — Rottenstreich, Y., & Hsee, C. K. (2001). Money, kisses, and electric shocks: On the affective psychology of risk. Psychological Science, 12(3), 185–190.
- R499 — Sunstein, C. R. (2002). Probability neglect: Emotions, worst cases, and law. Yale Law Journal, 112(1), 61–107.
- R501 — Gigerenzer, G. (2004). Dread risk, September 11, and fatal traffic accidents. Psychological Science, 15(4), 286–287.
- R937 — Slovic, P., Finucane, M. L., Peters, E., & MacGregor, D. G. (2002). The affect heuristic. In T. Gilovich, D. Griffin, & D. Kahneman (Eds.), Heuristics and Biases (pp. 397–420). Cambridge University Press.
- R938 — Finucane, M. L., Alhakami, A., Slovic, P., & Johnson, S. M. (2000). The affect heuristic in judgments of risks and benefits. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 13(1), 1–17.
- R940 — Loewenstein, G. F., Weber, E. U., Hsee, C. K., & Welch, N. (2001). Risk as feelings. Psychological Bulletin, 127(2), 267–286.
- R942 — Slovic, P., Finucane, M. L., Peters, E., & MacGregor, D. G. (2004). Risk as analysis and risk as feelings. In P. Slovic (Ed.), The Perception of Risk (pp. 137–163). Earthscan.
Efeito da vítima identificável, entorpecimento psíquico, insensibilidade ao alcance
- R927 — Schelling, T. C. (1968). The life you save may be your own. In S. B. Chase, Jr. (Ed.), Problems in Public Expenditure Analysis (pp. 127–162). Brookings Institution.
- R928 — Small, D. A., & Loewenstein, G. (2003). Helping a victim or helping the victim: Altruism and identifiability. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 26(1), 5–16.
- R929 — Kogut, T., & Ritov, I. (2005). The "identified victim" effect: An identified group, or just a single individual? Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 18(3), 157–167.
- R930 — Small, D. A., Loewenstein, G., & Slovic, P. (2007). Sympathy and callousness: The impact of deliberative thought on donations to identifiable and statistical victims. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 102(2), 143–153.
- R931 — Cameron, C. D., & Payne, B. K. (2011). Escaping affect: How motivated emotion regulation creates insensitivity to mass suffering. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100(1), 1–15.
- R932 — Wang, Y., Tang, J., & Wang, X. (2015). Cultural differences in donation decision-making. PLoS ONE, 10(9), e0138219.
- R936 — Jenni, K. E., & Loewenstein, G. (1997). Explaining the "identifiable victim effect." Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 14(3), 235–257.
- R941 — Slovic, P. (2007). "If I look at the mass I will never act": Psychic numbing and genocide. Judgment and Decision Making, 2(2), 79–95.
Lacuna de empatia frio-quente e influências viscerais na decisão
- R338 — Loewenstein, G. (1996). Out of control: Visceral influences on behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 65(3), 272–292.
- R339 — Ariely, D., & Loewenstein, G. (2006). The heat of the moment: The effect of sexual arousal on sexual decision making. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 19(2), 87–98.
- R340 — Van Boven, L., & Loewenstein, G. (2003). Social projection of transient drive states. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29(9), 1159–1168.
- R341 — Nordgren, L. F., Banas, K., & MacDonald, G. (2011). Empathy gaps for social pain. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100(1), 120–128.
- R343 — Loewenstein, G. (2005). Hot-cold empathy gaps and medical decision making. Health Psychology, 24(4S), S49–S56.
Escolha intertemporal e desconto hiperbólico
- R913 — Ainslie, G. (1975). Specious reward: A behavioral theory of impulsiveness and impulse control. Psychological Bulletin, 82(4), 463–496.
- R914 — Laibson, D. (1997). Golden eggs and hyperbolic discounting. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 112(2), 443–478.
- R915 — McClure, S. M., Laibson, D. I., Loewenstein, G., & Cohen, J. D. (2004). Separate neural systems value immediate and delayed monetary rewards. Science, 306(5695), 503–507.
- R916 — Kable, J. W., & Glimcher, P. W. (2007). The neural correlates of subjective value during intertemporal choice. Nature Neuroscience, 10(12), 1625–1633.
- R917 — Ruggeri, K., et al. (2022). The globalizability of temporal discounting. Nature Human Behaviour, 6, 1386–1397.
- R918 — Frederick, S., Loewenstein, G., & O'Donoghue, T. (2002). Time discounting and time preference: A critical review. In G. Loewenstein, D. Read, & R. Baumeister (Eds.), Time and Decision (pp. 13–86). Russell Sage Foundation.
- R919 — Steinberg, L., et al. (2018). Around the world, adolescence is a time of heightened sensation seeking and immature self-regulation. Developmental Science, 21(2).
- R120 — Ainslie, G. (2001). Breakdown of Will. Cambridge University Press.
Viés de projeção, viés de restrição
- R797 — Loewenstein, G., O'Donoghue, T., & Rabin, M. (2003). Projection bias in predicting future utility. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118(4), 1209–1248.
- R798 — Conlin, M., O'Donoghue, T., & Vogelsang, T. J. (2007). Projection bias in catalog orders. American Economic Review, 97(4), 1217–1249.
- R799 — Busse, M. R., Pope, D. G., Pope, J. C., & Silva-Risso, J. (2015). The psychological effect of weather on car purchases. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 130(1), 371–414.
- R800 — Read, D., & van Leeuwen, B. (1998). Predicting hunger: The effects of appetite and delay on choice. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 76(2), 189–205.
- R801 — Nordgren, L. F., van Harreveld, F., & van der Pligt, J. (2009). The restraint bias: How the illusion of self-restraint promotes impulsive behavior. Psychological Science, 20(12), 1523–1528.
Pseudocerteza, seguro probabilístico, rácio comum
- R981 — Wakker, P. P., Thaler, R. H., & Tversky, A. (1997). Probabilistic insurance. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 15(1), 7–28.
- R982 — Herrero, C., Tomás, J., & Villar, A. (2006). Decision theories and probabilistic insurance: An experimental test. Spanish Economic Review, 8(1), 35–52.
- R983 — Schmidt, U., & Seidl, C. (2014). Reconsidering the common ratio effect. Theory and Decision, 77(3), 323–339.
- R984 — Li, M., & Chapman, G. B. (2009). "100% of anything looks good": The appeal of one hundred percent. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 16(1), 156–162.
Altruísmo eficaz e filosofia de decisão
- R933 — MacAskill, W. (2015). Doing Good Better. Avery.
- R934 — Bloom, P. (2016). Against Empathy: The Case for Rational Compassion. Ecco.
- R935 — Singer, P. (2015). The Most Good You Can Do. Yale University Press.
Iyengar & Lepper sobre a sobrecarga de escolha
- R259 — Iyengar, S. S., & Lepper, M. R. (2000). When choice is demotivating: Can one desire too much of a good thing? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(6), 995–1006. (Corrected per addendum item 3.)
Mão quente, falácia do jogador, perceção de aleatoriedade
- R492 — Gilovich, T., Vallone, R., & Tversky, A. (1985). The hot hand in basketball: On the misperception of random sequences. Cognitive Psychology, 17(3), 295–314.
- R493 — Miller, J. B., & Sanjurjo, A. (2018). Surprised by the hot hand fallacy? A truth in the law of small numbers. Econometrica, 86(6), 2019–2047.
- R494 — Clarke, R. D. (1946). An application of the Poisson distribution. Journal of the Institute of Actuaries, 72(3), 481.
- R495 — Wagenaar, W. A. (1972). Generation of random sequences by human subjects: A critical survey of the literature. Psychological Bulletin, 77(1), 65–72.
- R496 — Falk, R., & Konold, C. (1997). Making sense of randomness: Implicit encoding as a basis for judgment. Psychological Review, 104(2), 301–318.
- R517 — Ayton, P., & Fischer, I. (2004). The hot hand fallacy and the gambler's fallacy: Two faces of subjective randomness? Memory & Cognition, 32(8), 1369–1378.
- R518 — Chen, D., Moskowitz, T., & Shue, K. (2016). Decision making under the gambler's fallacy: Evidence from asylum judges, loan officers, and baseball umpires. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 131(3), 1181–1242.
- R519 — Oppenheimer, D. M., & Monin, B. (2009). The retrospective gambler's fallacy. Judgment and Decision Making, 4(5), 326–334.
- R520 — Bocskocsky, A., Ezekowitz, J., & Stein, C. (2014). The hot hand: A new approach to an old "fallacy." MIT Sloan Sports Analytics Conference.
- R521 — Liu, L., Wang, Y., Sinatra, R., Giles, C. L., Song, C., & Wang, D. (2018). Hot streaks in artistic, cultural, and scientific careers. Nature, 559(7714), 396–399.
- R522 — Wilke, A., & Barrett, H. C. (2009). The hot hand phenomenon as a cognitive adaptation to clumped resources. Evolution and Human Behavior, 30(3), 161–169.
- R672 — Lecoutre, M. P. (1992). Cognitive models and problem spaces in "purely random" situations. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 23, 557–568.
- R497 — Wainer, H., & Zwerling, H. L. (2006). Evidence that smaller schools do not improve student achievement. Phi Delta Kappan, 88(4), 300–303.
Economia de tempo / Ilusão do MPG e heurísticas de decisão
- R786 — Svenson, O. (2008). Decisions among time saving options: When intuition is strong and wrong. Acta Psychologica, 127(2), 501–509.
- R787 — Peer, E. (2010). Speeding and the time-saving bias. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 42(6), 1978–1982.
- R788 — Svenson, O. (2011). Biased decisions concerning productivity increase options. Journal of Economic Psychology, 32(3), 440–445.
- R789 — Larrick, R. P., & Soll, J. B. (2008). The MPG illusion. Science, 320(5883), 1593–1594.
- R790 — Fuller, R., et al. (2009). The conditions for inappropriate high speed. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 40(6), 2010–2025.
- R791 — Eriksson, G., Svenson, O., & Eriksson, L. (2013). The time-saving bias: Judgments, cognition, and perception. Judgment and Decision Making, 8(4), 492–497.
- R792 — Svenson, O. (2009). Driving speed changes and subjective estimates of time savings, accident risks and braking. Applied Cognitive Psychology.
03. Memória e cognição
Sistemas de memória (episódica, semântica, memória de trabalho), memórias falsas, efeitos mnemónicos, aprendizagem e retenção, representação do conhecimento e a arquitetura cognitiva do recordar e esquecer.
Livros
- R17 — Schacter, D. L. (2001). The Seven Sins of Memory: How the Mind Forgets and Remembers. Houghton Mifflin.
- R29 — Baddeley, A. D., Eysenck, M. W., & Anderson, M. C. (2020). Memory (3rd ed.). Psychology Press.
- R30 — Baddeley, A. D. (2007). Working Memory, Thought, and Action. Oxford University Press.
- R31 — Baddeley, A. D. (1999). Essentials of Human Memory. Psychology Press.
- R32 — Loftus, E. F., & Ketcham, K. (1994). The Myth of Repressed Memory: False Memories and Allegations of Sexual Abuse. St. Martin's Press.
- R33 — Loftus, E. F., & Ketcham, K. (1991). Witness for the Defense: The Accused, the Eyewitness, and the Expert Who Puts Memory on Trial. St. Martin's Press.
- R34 — Thompson-Cannino, J., Cotton, R., & Torneo, E. (2009). Picking Cotton: Our Memoir of Injustice and Redemption. St. Martin's Press.
- R35 — Tulving, E. (1983). Elements of Episodic Memory. Oxford University Press.
- R36 — Brown, P. C., Roediger, H. L., & McDaniel, M. A. (2014). Make It Stick: The Science of Successful Learning. Harvard University Press / Belknap Press.
- R37 — Yates, F. A. (1966). The Art of Memory. University of Chicago Press.
- R38 — Luria, A. R. (1968). The Mind of a Mnemonist: A Little Book about a Vast Memory. Harvard University Press.
- R39 — Shaw, J. (2016). The Memory Illusion: Remembering, Forgetting, and the Science of False Memory. Random House.
- R40 — Brainerd, C. J., & Reyna, V. F. (2005). The Science of False Memory. Oxford University Press.
- R41 — Ebbinghaus, H. (1885/1913). Memory: A Contribution to Experimental Psychology (H. A. Ruger & C. E. Bussenius, Trans.). Teachers College, Columbia University. (Corrected per addendum item 1.)
- R42 — Schwartz, B. L. (2002). Tip-of-the-Tongue States: Phenomenology, Mechanism, and Lexical Retrieval. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- R44 — Cowan, N. (2005). Working Memory Capacity. Psychology Press.
- R45 — Neisser, U., & Hyman, I. E. (Eds.). (2000). Memory Observed: Remembering in Natural Contexts (2nd ed.). Worth Publishers.
- R46 — Rubin, D. C. (Ed.). (1996). Remembering Our Past: Studies in Autobiographical Memory. Cambridge University Press.
- R47 — Surprenant, A. M., & Neath, I. (2009). Principles of Memory. Psychology Press.
- R221 — Paivio, A. (1986). Mental Representations: A Dual Coding Approach. Oxford University Press.
- R222 — Engelkamp, J., & Zimmer, H. D. (1994). The Human Memory: A Multi-Modal Approach. Hogrefe & Huber Publishers.
- R248 — Wegner, D. M. (1987). Transactive Memory: A Contemporary Analysis of the Group Mind. Springer-Verlag.
- R287 — Tulving, E., & Donaldson, W. (Eds.). (1972). Organization of Memory. Academic Press.
- R370 — Paivio, A. (1971). Imagery and Verbal Processes. Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Artigos, estudos e capítulos
Memória de trabalho e agrupamento (chunking)
- R702 — Miller, G. A. (1956). The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review, 63(2), 81–97.
- R703 — Cowan, N. (2001). The magical number 4 in short-term memory. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 24(1), 87–114.
- R704 — Baddeley, A. D., & Hitch, G. (1974). Working memory. In G. H. Bower (Ed.), The Psychology of Learning and Motivation (Vol. 8, pp. 47–89). Academic Press.
- R705 — Chase, W. G., & Simon, H. A. (1973). Perception in chess. Cognitive Psychology, 4(1), 55–81.
- R706 — Ericsson, K. A., Chase, W. G., & Faloon, S. (1980). Acquisition of a memory skill. Science, 208(4448), 1181–1182.
- R707 — Oberauer, K. (2002). Access to information in working memory: Exploring the focus of attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 28(3), 411–421.
- R708 — Logie, R. H. (1995). Visuo-spatial working memory. In Working Memory and Cognition (pp. 33–90). Psychology Press.
Contexto, estado, humor e especificidade de codificação
- R328 — Tulving, E., & Thomson, D. M. (1973). Encoding specificity and retrieval processes in episodic memory. Psychological Review, 80(5), 352–373.
- R329 — Godden, D. R., & Baddeley, A. D. (1975). Context-dependent memory in two natural environments: On land and underwater. British Journal of Psychology, 66(3), 325–331.
- R330 — Eich, J. E. (1980). The cue-dependent nature of state-dependent retrieval. Memory & Cognition, 8(2), 157–173.
- R331 — Tulving, E. (1974). Cue-dependent forgetting. In E. Tulving & W. Donaldson (Eds.), Organization of Memory (pp. 352–373). Academic Press.
- R332 — Bower, G. H. (1981). Mood and memory. American Psychologist, 36(2), 129–148.
- R333 — Forgas, J. P. (1995). Mood and judgment: The Affect Infusion Model (AIM). Psychological Bulletin, 117(1), 39–66.
- R334 — Matt, G. E., Vázquez, C., & Campbell, W. K. (1992). Mood-congruent recall of affectively toned stimuli: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 12(2), 227–255.
- R335 — Isen, A. M., Daubman, K. A., & Nowicki, G. P. (1987). Positive affect facilitates creative problem solving. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(6), 1122–1131.
Efeitos mnemónicos: bizarria, humor, distintividade
- R354 — McDaniel, M. A., & Einstein, G. O. (1986). Bizarre imagery as an effective memory aid. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 12(1), 54–65.
- R355 — Geraci, L., McDaniel, M. A., Miller, T. M., & Hughes, M. L. (2013). The bizarreness effect: Evidence for the critical influence of retrieval processes. Memory & Cognition, 41, 1228–1237.
- R356 — Nicolas, S., & Marchal, A. (1998). Implicit memory, explicit memory, and the picture bizarreness effect. Acta Psychologica, 99(1), 43–58.
- R357 — McDaniel, M. A., & Einstein, G. O. (1991). Bizarre imagery: Mnemonic benefits and theoretical implications. In R. H. Logie & M. Denis (Eds.), Mental Images in Human Cognition (pp. 183–192). Elsevier.
- R358 — Schmidt, S. R. (1994). Effects of humor on sentence memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 20(4), 953–967.
- R359 — Schmidt, S. R. (2002). The humour effect: Differential processing and privileged retrieval. Memory, 10(2), 127–138.
- R360 — Kaplan, R. M., & Pascoe, G. C. (1977). Humorous lectures and humorous examples: Some effects upon comprehension and retention. Journal of Educational Psychology, 69(1), 61–65.
- R361 — Takahashi, M., & Inoue, T. (2009). The effects of humor on memory for non-sensical pictures. Acta Psychologica, 132(1), 80–84.
- R362 — Wyer, R. S., & Collins, J. E. (1992). A theory of humor elicitation. Psychological Review, 99(4), 663–688.
- R363 — Chambers, A. M., & Payne, J. D. (2014). The role of sleep in the consolidation of humorous memories. Sleep, 37(3), 1–9.
- R364 — Suls, J. M. (1972). A two-stage model for the appreciation of jokes and cartoons. In J. H. Goldstein & P. E. McGhee (Eds.), The Psychology of Humor (pp. 81–100). Academic Press.
- R365 — Von Restorff, H. (1933). Über die Wirkung von Bereichsbildungen im Spurenfeld. Psychologische Forschung, 18, 299–342.
- R366 — Hunt, R. R. (1995). The subtlety of distinctiveness: What von Restorff really did. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 2(1), 105–112.
- R367 — Karis, D., Fabiani, M., & Donchin, E. (1984). "P300" and memory: Individual differences in the von Restorff effect. Cognitive Psychology, 16, 177–216.
- R368 — Schmidt, S. R. (1991). Can we have a distinctive theory of memory? Memory & Cognition, 19(6), 523–542.
- R369 — Hunt, R. R. (2006). The concept of distinctiveness in memory research. In R. R. Hunt & J. B. Worthen (Eds.), Distinctiveness and Memory (pp. 3–25). Oxford University Press.
Superioridade da imagem e codificação dupla
- R371 — Paivio, A., & Csapo, K. (1973). Picture superiority in free recall: Imagery or dual coding? Cognitive Psychology, 5(2), 176–206.
- R372 — Nelson, D. L., Reed, V. S., & Walling, J. R. (1976). Pictorial superiority effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 2(5), 523–528.
- R373 — Weldon, M. S., & Roediger, H. L. (1987). Altering retrieval demands reverses the picture superiority effect. Memory & Cognition, 15(4), 269–280.
- R374 — Curran, T., & Doyle, J. (2011). Picture superiority doubly dissociates the ERP correlates of recollection and familiarity. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 23(5), 1247–1262.
- R375 — Stenberg, G. (2006). Conceptual and perceptual factors in the picture superiority effect. In H. D. Zimmer et al. (Eds.), Handbook of Binding and Memory (pp. 251–273). Oxford University Press.
Efeito de autorreferência
- R376 — Rogers, T. B., Kuiper, N. A., & Kirker, W. S. (1977). Self-reference and the encoding of personal information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35(9), 677–688.
- R377 — Symons, C. S., & Johnson, B. T. (1997). The self-reference effect in memory: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 121(3), 371–394.
- R378 — Zhu, Y., Zhang, L., Fan, J., & Han, S. (2007). Neural basis of cultural influence on self-representation. NeuroImage, 34(3), 1310–1316.
- R379 — Philippi, C. L., et al. (2012). Damage to the medial prefrontal cortex abolishes the self-reference effect. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 24(2), 475–481.
- R380 — Denny, B. T., et al. (2012). A meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies of self- and other judgments. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 24(8), 1742–1752.
Verdade ilusória, repetição, fluência
- R314 — Hasher, L., Goldstein, D., & Toppino, T. (1977). Frequency and the conference of referential validity. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 16(1), 107–112.
- R315 — Fazio, L. K., Brashier, N. M., Payne, B. K., & Marsh, E. J. (2015). Knowledge does not protect against illusory truth. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 144(5), 993–1002.
- R316 — Unkelbach, C., & Rom, S. C. (2017). A referential theory of the repetition-induced truth effect. Cognition, 160, 110–126.
- R317 — Pennycook, G., Cannon, T. D., & Rand, D. G. (2018). Prior exposure increases perceived accuracy of fake news. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 147(12), 1865–1880.
- R318 — Newman, E. J., Garry, M., Bernstein, D. M., Christensen, J., & Lindsay, D. S. (2012). Nonprobative photographs (or words) inflate truthiness. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 19(5), 969–974.
- R319 — Begg, I., Anas, A., & Farinacci, S. (1992). Dissociation of processes in belief: Source recollection, statement familiarity, and the illusion of truth. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 121(4), 446–458.
Efeito de mera exposição
- R320 — Zajonc, R. B. (1968). Attitudinal effects of mere exposure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 9(2, Pt.2), 1–27.
- R321 — Bornstein, R. F. (1989). Exposure and affect: Overview and meta-analysis of research, 1968-1987. Psychological Bulletin, 106(2), 265–289.
- R322 — Montoya, R. M., Horton, R. S., Vevea, J. L., Citkowicz, M., & Lauber, E. A. (2017). A re-examination of the mere exposure effect. Psychological Bulletin, 143(5), 459–498.
- R323 — Ballard, I. C., Hennigan, K., & McClure, S. M. (2017). Neural correlates of the mere exposure effect. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience.
- R324 — Bornstein, R. F. (1992). Subliminal mere exposure effects. In R. F. Bornstein & T. S. Pittman (Eds.), Perception without Awareness (pp. 191–210). Guilford Press.
Monitorização da fonte, falsa memória, viés de apoio à escolha
- R432 — Mather, M., & Johnson, M. K. (2000). Choice-supportive source monitoring: Do our decisions seem better to us as we age? Psychology and Aging, 15(4), 596–606.
- R433 — Mather, M., Shafir, E., & Johnson, M. K. (2000). Misremembrance of options past: Source monitoring and choice. Psychological Science, 11(2), 132–138.
- R436 — Johnson, M. K., Hashtroudi, S., & Lindsay, D. S. (1993). Source monitoring. Psychological Bulletin, 114(1), 3–28.
Memória relâmpago e autobiográfica; efeito telescópico
- R747 — Neter, J., & Waksberg, J. (1964). A study of response errors in expenditures data from household interviews. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 59(305), 18–55.
- R748 — Brown, N. R., Rips, L. J., & Shevell, S. K. (1985). The subjective dates of natural events in very-long-term memory. Cognitive Psychology, 17(2), 139–177.
- R749 — Neisser, U., & Harsch, N. (1992). Phantom flashbulbs: False recollections of hearing the news about Challenger. In E. Winograd & U. Neisser (Eds.), Affect and Accuracy in Recall (pp. 9–31). Cambridge University Press.
- R750 — Talarico, J. M., & Rubin, D. C. (2003). Confidence, not consistency, characterizes flashbulb memories. Psychological Science, 14(5), 455–461.
- R751 — Bohn, A., & Berntsen, D. (2007). Pleasantness bias in flashbulb memories. Memory & Cognition, 35(3), 565–577.
- R752 — Huttenlocher, J., Hedges, L. V., & Bradburn, N. M. (1990). Reports of elapsed time: Bounding and rounding processes in estimation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 16(2), 196–213.
Retrospetiva cor-de-rosa, viés de desvanecimento do afeto
- R753 — Mitchell, T. R., Thompson, L., Peterson, E., & Cronk, R. (1997). Temporal adjustments in the evaluation of events: The "rosy view." Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 33(4), 421–448.
- R754 — Mitchell, T. R., & Thompson, L. (1994). A theory of temporal adjustments of the evaluation of events. Advances in Managerial Cognition and Organizational Information Processing, 5, 85–114. JAI Press.
- R755 — Ritchie, T. D., et al. (2015). A pancultural perspective on the fading affect bias in autobiographical memory. Memory, 23(3), 278–290.
- R756 — Walker, W. R., & Skowronski, J. J. (2009). The fading affect bias: But what the hell is it for? Applied Cognitive Psychology, 23(8), 1122–1136.
Viés retrospetivo
- R710 — Fischhoff, B. (1975). Hindsight is not equal to foresight: The effect of outcome knowledge on judgment under uncertainty. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 1(3), 288–299.
- R757 — Roese, N. J., & Vohs, K. D. (2012). Hindsight bias. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7(5), 411–426.
- R758 — Hoffrage, U., Hertwig, R., & Gigerenzer, G. (2000). Hindsight bias: A by-product of knowledge updating? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 26(3), 566–581.
- R759 — Bernstein, D. M., et al. (2011). The hindsight bias from 3 to 95 years of age. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 37(2), 378–391.
- R760 — Harley, E. M., Carlsen, K. A., & Loftus, G. R. (2004). The "saw-it-all-along" effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 30(5), 960–968.
- R761 — Hawkins, S. A., & Hastie, R. (1990). Hindsight: Biased judgments of past events after the outcomes are known. In R. M. Hogarth (Ed.), Insights in Decision Making (pp. 311–327). University of Chicago Press.
Sombreamento verbal, regra pico-fim, negligência da duração
- R509 — Schooler, J. W., & Engstler-Schooler, T. Y. (1990). Verbal overshadowing of visual memories. Cognitive Psychology, 22(1), 36–71.
- R303 — Kahneman, D., Fredrickson, B. L., Schreiber, C. A., & Redelmeier, D. A. (1993). When more pain is preferred to less: Adding a better end. Psychological Science, 4(6), 401–405.
Autoconsistência / revisão autobiográfica
- R804 — Ross, M. (1989). Relation of implicit theories to the construction of personal histories. Psychological Review, 96(2), 341–357.
- R805 — Markus, G. B. (1986). Stability and change in political attitudes: Observed, recalled, and "explained." Political Behavior, 8(1), 21–44.
- R806 — Conway, M., & Ross, M. (1984). Getting what you want by revising what you had. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47(4), 738–748.
- R807 — Greene, C. M., & Murphy, G. (2020). Can false memories be created for political content? Psychological Science, 31(12), 1584–1597.
- R808 — Wang, Q. (2001). Culture effects on adults' earliest childhood recollection and self-description. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(2), 220–233.
- R809 — Ross, M., & Wilson, A. E. (2003). Autobiographical memory and conceptions of self: Getting better all the time. In D. L. Schacter & E. Scarry (Eds.), Memory, Brain, and Belief (pp. 199–226). Harvard University Press.
- R810 — Greenwald, A. G. (1980). The totalitarian ego: Fabrication and revision of personal history. American Psychologist.
Efeito de geração, prática de recuperação, aprendizagem
- R950 — Slamecka, N. J., & Graf, P. (1978). The generation effect: Delineation of a phenomenon. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 4(6), 592–604.
- R951 — Rosner, Z. A., Elman, J. A., & Shimamura, A. P. (2013). The generation effect: Activating broad neural circuits during memory encoding. Cortex, 49(7), 1901–1909.
- R952 — Roediger, H. L., & Karpicke, J. D. (2006). Test-enhanced learning: Taking memory tests improves long-term retention. Psychological Science, 17(3), 249–255.
- R953 — Kinoshita, S. (1989). Generation enhances semantic processing? Memory & Cognition, 17(5), 563–571.
- R954 — Jacoby, L. L. (1978). On interpreting the effects of repetition: Solving a problem versus remembering a solution. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 17, 649–667.
- R962 — Kornell, N., & Bjork, R. A. (2008). Learning concepts and categories: Is spacing the "enemy of induction"? Psychological Science, 19(6), 585–592.
- R963 — Bjork, R. A. (1994). Memory and metamemory considerations in the training of human beings. In J. Metcalfe & A. Shimamura (Eds.), Metacognition: Knowing About Knowing (pp. 185–205). MIT Press.
- R964 — Bjork, R. A., & Bjork, E. L. (1992). A new theory of disuse and an old theory of stimulus fluctuation. In A. Healy, S. Kosslyn, & R. Shiffrin (Eds.), From Learning Processes to Cognitive Processes (Vol. 2, pp. 35–67). Erlbaum.
Sono e consolidação da memória (aditamentos)
- A27 — Diekelmann, S., & Born, J. (2010). The memory function of sleep. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 11(2), 114–126.
- A28 — Stickgold, R. (2005). Sleep-dependent memory consolidation. Nature, 437(7063), 1272–1278.
- A29 — Rasch, B., & Born, J. (2013). About sleep's role in memory. Physiological Reviews, 93(2), 681–766.
Confabulação e neuropsicologia da memória
- R484 — Korsakoff, S. (1889). Psychosis polyneuritica seu Cerebropathia psychica toxaemica. Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten.
- R485 — Moscovitch, M. (1989). Confabulation and the frontal system: Strategic versus associative retrieval in neuropsychological theories of memory. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 444.
- R486 — Schnider, A. (2003). Spontaneous confabulation and the adaptation of thought to ongoing reality. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 4(8), 662–671.
- R487 — Fotopoulou, A. (2010). The affective neuropsychology of confabulation and delusion. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 15(1-3), 38–63.
- R488 — Sacks, O. (1985). The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat and Other Clinical Tales. Summit Books.
- R489 — Gazzaniga, M. S. (2011). Who's in Charge?: Free Will and the Science of the Brain. Ecco.
- R490 — Kopelman, M. D. (1999). Varieties of Confabulation and Delusion. Cambridge University Press.
- R491 — Gilboa, A. (2006). Strategic retrieval, confabulations, and delusions: Theory and data. In R. Bentall (Ed.), Cognitive Deficits in Brain Disorders (pp. 55–92). Martin Dunitz.
Maldição do conhecimento
- R510 — Birch, S. A., & Bloom, P. (2007). The curse of knowledge in reasoning about false beliefs. Psychological Science, 18(5), 382–386.
- R709 — Camerer, C., Loewenstein, G., & Weber, M. (1989). The curse of knowledge in economic settings: An experimental analysis. Journal of Political Economy, 97(5), 1232–1254.
- R711 — Newton, E. L. (1990). The Rocky Road from Actions to Intentions (Doctoral dissertation, Stanford University).
Memória de testemunhas oculares
- R624 — Wells, G. L., & Olson, E. A. (2003). Eyewitness testimony. Annual Review of Psychology, 54, 277–295.
04. Perceção, atenção e consciência
Perceção visual e social, atenção e cegueira por inatenção, antropomorfismo e deteção de agência, psicofísica, processamento preditivo, o inconsciente e fundamentos relacionados.
Livros
- R25 — Mlodinow, L. (2012). Subliminal: How Your Unconscious Mind Rules Your Behavior. Pantheon.
- R50 — Clark, A. (2013). Surfing Uncertainty: Prediction, Action, and the Embodied Mind. Oxford University Press.
- R51 — Gregory, R. L. (1997). Eye and Brain: The Psychology of Seeing. Princeton University Press.
- R52 — Pfungst, O. (1911). Clever Hans (The Horse of Mr. Von Osten): A Contribution to Experimental Animal and Human Psychology. Henry Holt.
- R173 — Guthrie, S. (1993). Faces in the Clouds: A New Theory of Religion. Oxford University Press.
- R174 — Barrett, J. L. (2004). Why Would Anyone Believe in God? AltaMira Press.
- R176 — Michotte, A. (1963). The Perception of Causality. Basic Books. (Original work published 1946)
- R228 — Gescheider, G. A. (1997). Psychophysics: The Fundamentals (3rd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- R229 — Baird, J. C., & Noma, E. (1978). Fundamentals of Scaling and Psychophysics. Wiley.
- R230 — Fechner, G. T. (1860). Elemente der Psychophysik. Breitkopf und Härtel.
- R246 — Bornstein, R. F., & Pittman, T. S. (Eds.). (1992). Perception without Awareness. Guilford Press.
- R260 — Conrad, K. (1958). Die beginnende Schizophrenie. Thieme.
- R261 — Rorschach, H. (1921). Psychodiagnostik. Ernst Bircher.
- R288 — Hubbard, T. (Ed.). (2018). Spatial Biases in Perception and Cognition. Cambridge University Press.
Artigos, estudos e capítulos
Atenção e cegueira por inatenção
- R309 — Bar-Haim, Y., Lamy, D., Pergamin, L., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Van Ijzendoorn, M. H. (2007). Threat-related attentional bias in anxious and nonanxious individuals: A meta-analytic study. Psychological Bulletin, 133(1), 1–24.
- R310 — MacLeod, C., Mathews, A., & Tata, P. (1986). Attentional bias in emotional disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95(1), 15–20.
- R311 — Simons, D. J., & Chabris, C. F. (1999). Gorillas in our midst: Sustained inattentional blindness for dynamic events. Perception, 28(9), 1059–1074.
- R312 — Drew, T., Võ, M. L. H., & Wolfe, J. M. (2013). The invisible gorilla strikes again: Sustained inattentional blindness in expert observers. Psychological Science, 24(9), 1848–1853.
- R313 — MacLeod, C., & Clarke, P. J. F. (2015). The attentional bias modification approach to anxiety intervention. In S. G. Hofmann (Ed.), Clinical Psychology: A Global Perspective (pp. 236–258). Wiley-Blackwell.
Processamento preditivo e perceção descendente
- R325 — Friston, K. (2010). The free-energy principle: A unified brain theory? Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 11(2), 127–138.
- R326 — Firestone, C., & Scholl, B. J. (2016). Cognition does not affect perception: Evaluating the evidence for "top-down" effects. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 39, e229.
- R327 — Masuda, T., & Nisbett, R. E. (2001). Attending holistically versus analytically: Comparing the context sensitivity of Japanese and Americans. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(5), 922–934.
Perceção seletiva, expectativa, perceção
- R437 — Bruner, J. S., & Postman, L. (1949). On the perception of incongruity: A paradigm. Journal of Personality, 18, 206–223.
- R438 — Vallone, R. P., Ross, L., & Lepper, M. R. (1985). The hostile media phenomenon. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49(3), 577–585.
- R439 — Strange, W. (2011). Automatic selective perception (ASP) of first and second language speech. Journal of Phonetics, 39(4), 456–466.
Efeitos do experimentador e dependência do observador
- R440 — Rosenthal, R., & Fode, K. L. (1963). The effect of experimenter bias on the performance of the albino rat. Behavioral Science, 8(3), 183–189.
- R441 — Rosenthal, R., & Jacobson, L. (1968). Pygmalion in the classroom. The Urban Review, 3(1), 16–20.
- R442 — Jussim, L., & Harber, K. D. (2005). Teacher expectations and self-fulfilling prophecies: Knowns and unknowns, resolved and unresolved controversies. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 9(2), 131–155.
- R443 — Dror, I. E., & Hampikian, G. (2011). Subjectivity and bias in forensic DNA mixture interpretation. Science & Justice, 51(4), 204–208.
- R445 — Rosenthal, R. (2002). The Pygmalion effect and its mediating mechanisms. In J. Aronson (Ed.), Improving Academic Achievement: Impact of Psychological Factors on Education (pp. 25–36). Academic Press.
- R446 — Rosenthal, R. (1976). Experimenter expectancy and the reassuring nature of the null hypothesis decision procedure. Psychological Bulletin Monograph Supplement, 70, 30–47.
- R447 — Proietti, M., et al. (2019). Experimental test of local observer-independence. Science Advances, 5(9), eaaw9832.
- R448 — Levitt, S. D., & List, J. A. (2011). Was there really a Hawthorne effect at the Hawthorne plant? American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 3(1), 224–238.
- R449 — De Quidt, J., Haushofer, J., & Roth, C. (2018). Measuring and bounding experimenter demand. American Economic Review, 108(11), 3266–3302.
Afeto e preferências não precisam de inferência (Zajonc)
- R247 — Zajonc, R. B. (1980). Feeling and Thinking: Preferences Need No Inferences. American Psychological Association.
- R939 — Zajonc, R. B. (1980). Feeling and thinking: Preferences need no inferences. American Psychologist, 35(2), 151–175.
Pareidolia e perceção facial
- R529 — Rossion, B., et al. (2023). Human intracerebral recordings reveal the neural substrate of face pareidolia. Journal of Neuroscience.
- R530 — Taubert, J., et al. (2017). Face pareidolia recruits mechanisms for detecting human social attention. Psychological Science.
- R531 — Tomonaga, M., & Kawakami, F. (2016). Face perception in chimpanzees: Pareidolia and comparative studies. Primates.
Antropomorfismo, deteção de agência, perceção da mente
- R532 — Epley, N., Waytz, A., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2007). On seeing human: A three-factor theory of anthropomorphism. Psychological Review, 114(4), 864–886.
- R533 — Heider, F., & Simmel, M. (1944). An experimental study of apparent behavior. American Journal of Psychology, 57(2), 243–259.
- R534 — Gray, H. M., Gray, K., & Wegner, D. M. (2007). Dimensions of mind perception. Science, 315(5812), 619.
- R535 — Harris, L. T., & Fiske, S. T. (2006). Dehumanizing the lowest of the low: Neuroimaging responses to extreme out-groups. Psychological Science, 17(10), 847–853.
- R536 — Waytz, A., Heafner, J., & Epley, N. (2014). The mind in the machine: Anthropomorphism increases trust in an autonomous vehicle. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 52, 113–117.
- R537 — Waytz, A., Epley, N., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2010). Social cognition unbound: Insights into anthropomorphism and dehumanization. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19(1), 58–62.
- R538 — Piaget, J. (1929). The Child's Conception of the World. Routledge & Kegan Paul.
- R539 — Mori, M. (2012). The uncanny valley (K. F. MacDorman & N. Kageki, Trans.). IEEE Robotics and Automation, 19(2), 98–100. (Original work published 1970)
- R723 — Barrett, J. L. (2000). Exploring the natural foundations of religion. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4(1), 29–34.
- R724 — Kelemen, D., & Rosset, E. (2009). The human function compunction: Teleological explanation in adults. Cognition, 111(1), 138–143.
- R725 — Haselton, M. G., & Nettle, D. (2006). The paranoid optimist: An integrative evolutionary model of cognitive biases. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10(1), 47–66.
Psicofísica (Weber-Fechner-Stevens)
- R401 — Weber, E. H. (1834). Concerning touch. In De Pulsu, resorptione, auditu et tactu. Koehler.
- R420 — Stevens, S. S. (1957). On the psychophysical law. Psychological Review, 64(3), 153–181.
- R421 — Penconek, M. (2025). Weber's Law as the emergent phenomenon of choices based on global inhibition. Frontiers in Neuroscience.
- R422 — Luce, R. D., & Krumhansl, C. L. (1988). Measurement, scaling, and psychophysics. In R. C. Atkinson et al. (Eds.), Stevens' Handbook of Experimental Psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 3–74). Wiley.
Efeito cheerleader / codificação hierárquica
- R634 — Walker, D., & Vul, E. (2014). Hierarchical encoding makes individuals in a group seem more attractive. Psychological Science, 25(1), 230–235.
- R635 — Carragher, D. (2020). The Cheerleader Effect in facial and body attractiveness. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 73(5), 785–798.
- R636 — Ojiro, Y., et al. (2015). Two replications of 'Hierarchical encoding makes individuals in a group seem more attractive.' PLOS ONE.
- R637 — Ariely, D. (2001). Seeing sets: Representation by statistical properties. Psychological Science, 12(2), 157–162.
- R638 — Langlois, J. H., & Roggman, L. A. (1990). Attractive faces are only average. Psychological Science, 1(2), 115–121.
- R639 — Brady, T. F., & Alvarez, G. A. (2011). Hierarchical encoding in visual working memory. Visual Cognition (pp. 108–124). Psychology Press.
Atratividade e beleza
- R197 — Hamermesh, D. S. (2011). Beauty Pays: Why Attractive People Are More Successful. Princeton University Press.
Procura de novidade e excitação
- R921 — Fantz, R. L. (1964). Visual experience in infants: Decreased attention to familiar patterns relative to novel ones. Science, 146(3644), 668–670.
- R923 — Zuckerman, M. (1979). Sensation Seeking: Beyond the Optimal Level of Arousal. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- R924 — Cloninger, C. R. (1987). A systematic method for clinical description and classification of personality variants. Archives of General Psychiatry, 44(6), 573–588.
05. Autoperceção e autoconhecimento
Limites da introspeção, autoengano, excesso de confiança, atribuições a favor do ego, identidade, mentalidade, o efeito de holofote, ilusão de transparência, perspicácia assimétrica e a arquitetura do autoconhecimento.
Livros
- R104 — Epley, N. (2014). Mindwise: Why We Misunderstand What Others Think, Believe, Feel, and Want. Knopf.
- R105 — Dunning, D. (2005). Self-Insight: Roadblocks and Detours on the Path to Knowing Thyself. Psychology Press.
- R106 — Wilson, T. D. (2002). Strangers to Ourselves: Discovering the Adaptive Unconscious. Harvard University Press.
- R107 — Klein, S. B. (2012). The Self and Its Brain in Memory. Psychology Press.
- R108 — Gallagher, S. (2011). The Oxford Handbook of the Self. Oxford University Press.
- R109 — Leary, M. R., & Tangney, J. P. (2011). Handbook of Self and Identity (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.
- R116 — Damasio, A. R. (1994). Descartes' Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain. Putnam.
- R217 — Maslow, A. (1966). The Psychology of Science: A Reconnaissance. Harper & Row.
Mentalidade (Mindset) (aditamentos)
- A45 — Dweck, C. S. (2006). Mindset: The New Psychology of Success. Random House.
- A46 — Dweck, C. S., & Yeager, D. S. (2019). Mindsets: A view from two eras. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 14(3), 481–496.
Artigos, estudos e capítulos
Excesso de confiança e erro de calibração
- R811 — Lichtenstein, S., Fischhoff, B., & Phillips, L. D. (1982). Calibration of probabilities: The state of the art to 1980. In D. Kahneman, P. Slovic, & A. Tversky (Eds.), Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases (pp. 306–334). Cambridge University Press.
- R812 — Moore, D. A., & Healy, P. J. (2008). The trouble with overconfidence. Psychological Review, 115(2), 502–517.
- R813 — Svenson, O. (1981). Are we all less risky and more skillful than our fellow drivers? Acta Psychologica, 47(2), 143–148.
- R814 — Yates, J. F., Lee, J. W., & Shinotsuka, H. (1998). Cross-cultural variations in probability judgment accuracy. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 74(2), 106–134.
- R816 — Fischhoff, B. (1982). Debiasing. In D. Kahneman, P. Slovic, & A. Tversky (Eds.), Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases (pp. 422–444). Cambridge University Press.
- R839 — Lichtenstein, S., & Fischhoff, B. (1977). Do those who know more also know more about how much they know? Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 20(2), 159–183.
- R840 — Fischhoff, B., Slovic, P., & Lichtenstein, S. (1977). Knowing with certainty: The appropriateness of extreme confidence. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 3(4), 552–564.
- R841 — Gigerenzer, G., Hoffrage, U., & Kleinbölting, H. (1991). Probabilistic mental models. Psychological Review, 98(4), 506–528.
- R842 — Yates, J. F., Lee, J. W., & Bush, J. G. (1997). General knowledge overconfidence: Cross-national variations, response style, and "reality." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 70(2), 87–94.
- R843 — Merkle, E. C. (2009). The disutility of the hard-easy effect in choice confidence. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 16(1), 204–213.
- R844 — Baranski, J. V., & Petrusic, W. M. (1994). The calibration and resolution of confidence in perceptual judgments. Perception & Psychophysics, 55(4), 412–428.
Dunning-Kruger e inábil-inconsciente
- R845 — Kruger, J., & Dunning, D. (1999). Unskilled and unaware of it: How difficulties in recognizing one's own incompetence lead to inflated self-assessments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(6), 1121–1134.
- R846 — Gignac, G. E., & Zajenkowski, M. (2020). The Dunning-Kruger effect is (mostly) a statistical artefact. Intelligence, 80, 101449.
- R847 — Schlösser, T., Dunning, D., Johnson, K. L., & Kruger, J. (2013). How unaware are the unskilled? Journal of Economic Psychology, 39, 85–100.
- R848 — Dunning, D. (2011). The Dunning-Kruger Effect: On being ignorant of one's own ignorance. In J. Olson & M. P. Zanna (Eds.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 44, pp. 247–296). Academic Press.
Vieses egocêntricos e importância pessoal
- R849 — Ross, M., & Sicoly, F. (1979). Egocentric biases in availability and attribution. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37(3), 322–336.
- R850 — Kruger, J., Epley, N., Parker, J., & Ng, Z. W. (2005). Egocentrism over e-mail: Can we communicate as well as we think? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89(6), 925–936.
- R852 — Schroeder, J., Caruso, E. M., & Epley, N. (2016). Many hands make overlooked work. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 22(2), 238–246.
- R712 — Keysar, B., & Barr, D. J. (2002). Self-anchoring in conversation: Why language users do not do what they "should." In T. Gilovich, D. Griffin, & D. Kahneman (Eds.), Heuristics and Biases (pp. 150–166). Cambridge University Press.
- R716 — Keysar, B. (1994). The illusory transparency of intention: Linguistic perspective taking in text. Cognitive Psychology, 26(2), 165–208.
Ilusão de transparência e efeito de holofote
- R713 — Gilovich, T., Savitsky, K., & Medvec, V. H. (1998). The illusion of transparency. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(2), 332–346.
- R714 — Savitsky, K., & Gilovich, T. (2003). The illusion of transparency and the alleviation of speech anxiety. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39(6), 618–625.
- R715 — Vorauer, J. D., & Claude, S. D. (1998). Perceived versus actual transparency of goals in negotiation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24(4), 371–385.
- R717 — Kassin, S. M. (2005). On the psychology of confessions: Does innocence put innocents at risk? American Psychologist, 60(3), 215–228.
- R718 — Gilovich, T., Medvec, V. H., & Savitsky, K. (2000). The spotlight effect in social judgment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(2), 211–222.
- R719 — Bateson, M., Nettle, D., & Roberts, G. (2006). Cues of being watched enhance cooperation in a real-world setting. Biology Letters, 2(3), 412–414.
- R720 — Kleck, R. E., & Strenta, A. (1980). Perceptions of the impact of negatively valued physical characteristics on social interaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39(5), 861–873.
- R721 — Elkind, D. (1967). Egocentrism in adolescence. Child Development, 38(4), 1025–1034.
- R722 — Gilbert, D. T., Brown, R. P., Pinel, E. C., & Wilson, T. D. (2000). The illusion of external agency. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(5), 690–700.
Ilusão de perspicácia assimétrica, manto de invisibilidade
- R726 — Pronin, E., Kruger, J., Savitsky, K., & Ross, L. (2001). You don't know me, but I know you: The illusion of asymmetric insight. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(4), 639–656.
- R727 — Vazire, S. (2010). Who knows what about a person? The Self-Other Knowledge Asymmetry (SOKA) model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98(2), 281–300.
- R728 — Schroeder, J., & Fishbach, A. (2024). Feeling known versus knowing: The role of perceived understanding in relationship satisfaction. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology.
- R729 — Park, J., Choi, I., & Cho, G. H. (2006). The illusion of asymmetric insight. Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, 20(2), 1–18.
- R730 — Boothby, E. J., Clark, M. S., & Bargh, J. A. (2016). The invisibility cloak illusion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
Otimismo irrealista, viés a favor do ego
- R853 — Weinstein, N. D. (1980). Unrealistic optimism about future life events. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39(5), 806–820.
- R854 — Sharot, T., Korn, C. W., & Dolan, R. J. (2011). How unrealistic optimism is maintained in the face of reality. Nature Neuroscience, 14(11), 1475–1479.
- R855 — Heine, S. J., & Lehman, D. R. (1995). Cultural variation in unrealistic optimism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68(4), 595–607.
- R856 — Shepperd, J. A., Klein, W. M. P., Waters, E. A., & Weinstein, N. D. (2013). Taking stock of unrealistic optimism. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 8(4), 395–411.
- R857 — Miller, D. T., & Ross, M. (1975). Self-serving biases in the attribution of causality: Fact or fiction? Psychological Bulletin, 82(2), 213–225.
- R858 — Mezulis, A. H., Abramson, L. Y., Hyde, J. S., & Hankin, B. L. (2004). Is there a universal positivity bias in attributions? Psychological Bulletin, 130(5), 711–747.
- R859 — Blackwood, N. J., et al. (2003). Self-responsibility and the self-serving bias: An fMRI investigation. NeuroImage, 20(2), 1076–1085.
Viés de otimismo, pessimismo, pessimismo defensivo
- R117 — Sharot, T. (2011). The Optimism Bias: A Tour of the Irrationally Positive Brain. Vintage / Pantheon.
- R118 — Norem, J. K. (2001). The Positive Power of Negative Thinking. Basic Books.
- R245 — Johnson, D. D. P. (2004). Overconfidence and War: The Havoc and Glory of Positive Illusions. Harvard University Press.
- R779 — Alloy, L. B., & Abramson, L. Y. (1979). Judgment of contingency in depressed and nondepressed students: Sadder but wiser? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 108(4), 441–485.
- R780 — Mansour, S. B., Jouini, E., & Napp, C. (2006). Is there a 'pessimistic' bias in individual beliefs? Theory and Decision, 61, 345–362.
- R781 — Nesse, R. M. (2005). Natural selection and the regulation of defenses: A signal detection analysis of the smoke detector principle. Evolution and Human Behavior, 26(1), 88–105.
- R782 — Chang, E. C., & Asakawa, K. (2003). Cultural variations on optimistic and pessimistic bias for self versus a sibling. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(3), 569–581.
- R784 — Nesse, R. M. (2019). The smoke detector principle: Signal detection and optimal defense regulation. In Good Reasons for Bad Feelings (pp. 75–92). Dutton.
- R785 — Lovallo, D., & Kahneman, D. (2003). Delusions of success: How optimism undermines executives' decisions. Harvard Business Review, 81(7), 56–63.
Ilusão de controlo, superioridade ilusória, superioridade moral
- R869 — Langer, E. J. (1975). The illusion of control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32(2), 311–328.
- R870 — Jenkins, H. H., & Ward, W. C. (1965). Judgment of contingency between responses and outcomes. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 79(1), 1–17.
- R871 — Thompson, S. C. (1999). Illusions of control: How we overestimate our personal influence. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 8(6), 187–190.
- R872 — Gino, F., Sharek, Z., & Moore, D. A. (2011). Keeping the illusion of control under control. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 114(2), 104–114.
- R873 — Langer, E. J. (1989). Mindfulness. Addison-Wesley.
- R874 — Thompson, S. C. (2004). Illusions of control. In R. F. Pohl (Ed.), Cognitive Illusions (pp. 115–125). Psychology Press.
- R876 — Tappin, B. M., & McKay, R. T. (2017). The illusion of moral superiority. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 8(6), 623–631.
- R877 — Loughnan, S., et al. (2011). Economic inequality is linked to biased self-perception. Psychological Science, 22(10), 1254–1258.
- R878 — Heine, S. J., & Hamamura, T. (2007). In search of East Asian self-enhancement. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 11(1), 4–27.
Efeito Forer / Barnum
- R457 — Forer, B. R. (1949). The fallacy of personal validation: A classroom demonstration of gullibility. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 44, 118–123.
- R458 — Dickson, D. H., & Kelly, I. W. (1985). The "Barnum effect" in personality assessment: A review of the literature. Psychological Reports, 57, 367–382.
- R459 — Meehl, P. E. (1956). Wanted—A good cookbook. American Psychologist, 11, 263–272.
- R460 — Stagner, R. (1958). The gullibility of personnel managers. Personnel Psychology, 11, 347–352.
- R461 — Rogers, P., & Soule, J. (2009). Cross-cultural differences in the acceptance of Barnum profiles. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 40(3), 381–399.
- R462 — Snyder, C. R., Shenkel, R. J., & Lowery, C. R. (1977). Acceptance of personality interpretations: The "Barnum effect" and beyond. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 45(1), 104–114.
Efeito de avestruz, evitação de informação
- R452 — Karlsson, N., Loewenstein, G., & Seppi, D. (2009). The ostrich effect: Selective attention to information. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 38(2), 95–115.
- R453 — Galai, D., & Sade, O. (2006). The "ostrich effect" and the relationship between the liquidity and the yields of financial assets. Journal of Business, 79(5), 2741–2759.
- R454 — Sicherman, N., Loewenstein, G., Seppi, D., & Utkus, S. (2016). Financial attention. Review of Financial Studies, 29(4), 863–897.
- R455 — Banerjee, R., & Zanella, G. (2014). Experiencing breast cancer at the workplace. Journal of Public Economics, 109, 134–152.
- R456 — Li, H., Meng, J., Song, X., & Zheng, S. (2021). Information avoidance and medical screening: A field experiment in China. Management Science, 67(7), 4252–4272.
Auto-sabotagem, autoafirmação, redução da dissonância
- R434 — Lieberman, M. D., Ochsner, K. N., Gilbert, D. T., & Schacter, D. L. (2001). Do amnesics exhibit cognitive dissonance reduction? Psychological Science, 12(2), 135–140.
- R435 — Heine, S. J., & Lehman, D. R. (1997). Culture, dissonance, and self-affirmation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23(4), 389–400.
Desejabilidade social e viés de resposta
- R817 — Edwards, A. L. (1953). The relationship between the judged desirability of a trait and the probability that the trait will be endorsed. Journal of Applied Psychology, 37(2), 90–93.
- R818 — Crowne, D. P., & Marlowe, D. (1960). A new scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 24(4), 349–354.
- R819 — Paulhus, D. L. (1984). Two-component models of socially desirable responding. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(3), 598–609.
- R820 — Jones, E. E., & Sigall, H. (1971). The bogus pipeline: A new paradigm for measuring affect and attitude. Psychological Bulletin, 76(5), 349–364.
- R821 — Lalwani, A. K., Shavitt, S., & Johnson, T. (2006). What is the relation between cultural orientation and socially desirable responding? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90(1), 165–178.
- R822 — Uziel, L. (2010). Rethinking social desirability scales. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5(3), 243–262.
- R823 — Paulhus, D. L. (1991). Measurement and control of response bias. In J. P. Robinson et al. (Eds.), Measures of Personality and Social Psychological Attitudes. Academic Press.
- R824 — Crowne, D. P., & Marlowe, D. (1964). The Approval Motive: Studies in Evaluative Dependence. Wiley.
- R825 — Paulhus, D. L. (2002). Socially desirable responding: The evolution of a construct. In H. I. Braun, D. N. Jackson, & D. E. Wiley (Eds.), The Role of Constructs in Psychological and Educational Measurement (pp. 49–69). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Perceção sexual exagerada
- R739 — Haselton, M. G., & Buss, D. M. (2000). Error management theory: A new perspective on biases in cross-sex mind reading. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(1), 81–91.
- R740 — Bendixen, M., & Kennair, L. E. O. (2014). Revisiting the sexual overperception bias. Evolutionary Psychology, 12(5), 879–896.
- R741 — Abbey, A. (1982). Sex differences in attributions for friendly behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42(5), 830–838.
- R742 — Farris, C., Treat, T. A., Viken, R. J., & McFall, R. M. (2008). Perceptual mechanisms that characterize gender differences in decoding women's sexual intent. Psychological Science, 19(4), 348–354.
- R743 — Perilloux, C., Easton, J. A., & Buss, D. M. (2012). The misperception of sexual interest. Psychological Science, 23(2), 146–151.
- R744 — Buss, D. M. (2016). The Evolution of Desire: Strategies of Human Mating (Revised ed.). Basic Books.
- R745 — Haselton, M. G. (2018). Hormonal: The Hidden Intelligence of Hormones. Little, Brown and Company.
- R746 — Haselton, M. G., & Nettle, D. (2006). The paranoid optimist: An integrative evolutionary model of cognitive biases. In D. M. Buss (Ed.), The Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology (pp. 724–746). Wiley.
Fundamentos e obras clássicas
- R43 — James, W. (1890). The Principles of Psychology (Vol. 1). Henry Holt and Company.
06. Psicologia social e dinâmicas de grupo
Conformidade, obediência, atribuição, pensamento de grupo, cognição social, influência social, crença num mundo justo e o cânone basilar da psicologia social.
Livros
- R78 — Ross, L., & Nisbett, R. E. (2011). The Person and the Situation: Perspectives of Social Psychology. Pinter & Martin. (Original work published 1991)
- R79 — Heider, F. (1958). The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations. John Wiley & Sons.
- R87 — Greene, J. (2013). Moral Tribes: Emotion, Reason, and the Gap Between Us and Them. Penguin Press.
- R88 — Haidt, J. (2012). The Righteous Mind: Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion. Vintage Books.
- R89 — Sapolsky, R. (2017). Behave: The Biology of Humans at Our Best and Worst. Penguin Press.
- R100 — Festinger, L. (1957). A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance. Stanford University Press.
- R101 — Festinger, L., Riecken, H. W., & Schachter, S. (1956). When Prophecy Fails. University of Minnesota Press.
- R102 — Aronson, E. (2012). The Social Animal (11th ed.). Worth Publishers.
- R110 — Bower, G. H., & Forgas, J. P. (2001). Handbook of Affect and Social Cognition. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- R128 — Janis, I. L. (1982). Groupthink: Psychological Studies of Policy Decisions and Fiascoes. Houghton Mifflin.
- R129 — Janis, I. L. (1972). Victims of Groupthink: A Psychological Study of Foreign-Policy Decisions and Fiascoes. Houghton Mifflin.
- R135 — Surowiecki, J. (2004). The Wisdom of Crowds. Doubleday.
- R183 — Lerner, M. J. (1980). The Belief in a Just World: A Fundamental Delusion. Plenum Press.
- R184 — Montada, L., & Lerner, M. J. (Eds.). (1998). Responses to Victimizations and Belief in a Just World. Plenum Press.
- R185 — Weiner, B. (1995). Judgments of Responsibility: A Foundation for a Theory of Social Conduct. Guilford Press.
- R282 — Milgram, S. (1974). Obedience to Authority: An Experimental View. Harper & Row.
- R283 — Blass, T. (2004). The Man Who Shocked the World: The Life and Legacy of Stanley Milgram. Basic Books.
Artigos, estudos e capítulos
Cognição social implícita (corrigido)
- R253 — Greenwald, A. G., & Banaji, M. R. (1995). Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes. Psychological Review, 102(1), 4–27. (Corrected per addendum item 2.)
Estudos de obediência de Milgram
- R588 — Milgram, S. (1963). Behavioral study of obedience. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67(4), 371–378.
- R589 — Milgram, S. (1965). Some conditions of obedience and disobedience to authority. Human Relations, 18(1), 57–76.
- R590 — Haslam, S. A., & Reicher, S. D. (2012). Contesting the "nature" of conformity: What Milgram and Zimbardo's studies really show. PLOS Biology, 10(11), e1001426.
- R591 — Hofling, C. K., Brotzman, E., Dalrymple, S., Graves, N., & Pierce, C. M. (1966). An experimental study in nurse-physician relationships. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 143(2), 171–180.
- R592 — Doliński, D., Grzyb, T., Folwarczny, M., Grzybała, P., Krzyszycha, K., Martynowska, K., & Trojanowski, J. (2017). Would you deliver an electric shock in 2015? Social Psychological and Personality Science, 8(8), 927–933.
- R593 — Blass, T. (1999). The Milgram paradigm after 35 years. In T. Blass (Ed.), Obedience to Authority: Current Perspectives on the Milgram Paradigm (pp. 35–59). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Conformidade de Asch, efeito de rebanho, prova social
- R600 — Leibenstein, H. (1950). Bandwagon, snob, and Veblen effects in the theory of consumers' demand. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 64(2), 183–207.
- R601 — Asch, S. E. (1951). Effects of group pressure upon the modification and distortion of judgments. In H. Guetzkow (Ed.), Groups, Leadership and Men (pp. 177–190). Carnegie Press.
- R602 — Bond, R., & Smith, P. B. (1996). Culture and conformity: A meta-analysis of studies using Asch's line judgment task. Psychological Bulletin, 119(1), 111–137.
- R603 — Franzen, A., & Mader, S. (2023). Replication of the Asch conformity experiments in Switzerland. Social Psychology, 54(3), 155–167.
- R604 — Ge, X., & Hou, Y. (2025). Pathogen threat increases conformity to collective choices. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
- R605 — Asch, S. E. (1956). Studies of independence and conformity. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 70(9), 1–70.
- R606 — Asch, S. E. (1946). Forming impressions of personality. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 41(3), 258–290.
Espiral do silêncio
- R182 — Noelle-Neumann, E. (1984). The Spiral of Silence: Public Opinion—Our Social Skin. University of Chicago Press.
Teoria da atribuição (erro fundamental de atribuição, ator-observador)
- R838 — Ross, L. (1977). The intuitive psychologist and his shortcomings: Distortions in the attribution process. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 10, pp. 173–220). Academic Press.
- R861 — Kelley, H. H. (1971). Attribution in social interaction. In E. E. Jones et al. (Eds.), Attribution: Perceiving the Causes of Behavior (pp. 1–26). General Learning Press.
- R862 — Jones, E. E., & Nisbett, R. E. (1971). The actor and the observer: Divergent perceptions of the causes of behavior. In E. E. Jones et al. (Eds.), Attribution: Perceiving the Causes of Behavior (pp. 79–94). General Learning Press.
- R863 — Nisbett, R. E., Caputo, C., Legant, P., & Marecek, J. (1973). Behavior as seen by the actor and as seen by the observer. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 27(2), 154–164.
- R864 — Storms, M. D. (1973). Videotape and the attribution process: Reversing actors' and observers' points of view. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 27(2), 165–175.
- R865 — Malle, B. F. (2006). The actor-observer asymmetry in attribution: A (surprising) meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 132(6), 895–919.
- R866 — Miller, J. G. (1984). Culture and the development of everyday social explanation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(5), 961–978.
- R867 — Masuda, T., & Kitayama, S. (2004). Perceiver-induced constraint and attitude attribution in Japan and the US. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40(3), 409–416.
- R868 — Malle, B. F. (2011). Attribution theories: How people make sense of behavior. In D. Chadee (Ed.), Theories in Social Psychology (pp. 72–95). Wiley-Blackwell.
- R879 — Jones, E. E., & Harris, V. A. (1967). The attribution of attitudes. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 3(1), 1–24.
- R880 — Gilbert, D. T., & Malone, P. S. (1995). The correspondence bias. Psychological Bulletin, 117(1), 21–38.
- R881 — Choi, I., Nisbett, R. E., & Norenzayan, A. (1999). Causal attribution across cultures: Variation and universality. Psychological Bulletin, 125(1), 47–63.
- R888 — Kammer, D. (1982). Differences in trait ascriptions to self and friend. Psychological Reports, 51, 99–102.
- R889 — Choi, I., & Nisbett, R. E. (1998). Situational salience and cultural differences in the correspondence bias and actor-observer bias. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24(9), 949–960.
Atribuição defensiva e culpa
- R882 — Shaver, K. G. (1970). Defensive attribution: Effects of severity and relevance on the responsibility assigned for an accident. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 14(2), 101–113.
- R883 — Walster, E. (1966). Assignment of responsibility for an accident. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 3(1), 73–79.
- R884 — Burger, J. M. (1981). Motivational biases in the attribution of responsibility for an accident. Psychological Bulletin, 90(3), 496–512.
- R885 — Grubb, A., & Harrower, J. (2008). Attribution of blame in cases of rape. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 13(5), 396–405.
- R886 — Gyekye, S. A., & Salminen, S. (2004). Causal attributions of Ghanaian industrial workers for accident occurrence. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 34(11), 2324–2342.
- R887 — Shaver, K. G. (1985). The attribution of blame: Causality, responsibility, and blameworthiness. In The Attribution of Blame (pp. 1–35). Springer.
Crença num mundo justo
- R577 — Lerner, M. J., & Simmons, C. H. (1966). Observer's reaction to the "innocent victim." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 4(2), 203–210.
- R578 — Rubin, Z., & Peplau, L. A. (1975). Who believes in a just world? Journal of Social Issues, 31(3), 65–89.
- R579 — Dalbert, C. (1999). The world is more just for me than generally: About the Personal Belief in a Just World Scale's validity. Social Justice Research, 12(2), 79–98.
- R580 — Hafer, C. L., & Bègue, L. (2005). Experimental research on just-world theory. Psychological Bulletin, 131(1), 128–167.
Autoridade, severidade da iniciação, justificação do esforço
- R890 — Aronson, E., & Mills, J. (1959). The effect of severity of initiation on liking for a group. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 59(2), 177–181.
- R891 — Gerard, H. B., & Mathewson, G. C. (1966). The effects of severity of initiation on liking for a group: A replication. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2(3), 278–287.
- R892 — Axsom, D., & Cooper, J. (1985). Cognitive dissonance and psychotherapy: The role of effort justification in inducing weight loss. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 21(2), 149–160.
- R893 — Kitayama, S., et al. (2004). Culture and dissonance: The case of choice. Perspectives on Psychological Science.
Dissonância pós-decisão, cérebro na crença
- R431 — Brehm, J. W. (1956). Postdecision changes in the desirability of alternatives. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 52(3), 384–389.
Efeito do espetador, pânico e comportamento de emergência
- R673 — Quarantelli, E. L. (1954). The nature and conditions of panic. American Journal of Sociology, 60(3), 267–275.
- R674 — Latané, B., & Darley, J. M. (1968). Group inhibition of bystander intervention in emergencies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 10(3), 215–221.
- R675 — Leach, J. (2004). Why people 'freeze' in an emergency. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 75(6), 539–542.
Licenciamento moral
- R571 — Monin, B., & Miller, D. T. (2001). Moral credentials and the expression of prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(1), 33–43.
- R572 — Khan, U., & Dhar, R. (2006). Licensing effect in consumer choice. Journal of Marketing Research, 43(2), 259–266.
- R573 — Mazar, N., & Zhong, C. B. (2010). Do green products make us better people? Psychological Science, 21(4), 494–498.
- R574 — Sachdeva, S., Iliev, R., & Medin, D. L. (2009). Sinning saints and saintly sinners: The paradox of moral self-regulation. Psychological Science, 20(4), 523–528.
- R575 — Blanken, I., van de Ven, N., & Zeelenberg, M. (2015). A meta-analytic review of moral licensing. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 41(4), 540–558.
- R576 — Effron, D. A., & Raj, M. (2020). Misinformation and morality. Psychological Science, 31(1), 75–87.
Argumentação, falácias, raciocínio em grupo
- R582 — van Eemeren, F. H., & Grootendorst, R. (2004). A Systematic Theory of Argumentation: The Pragma-Dialectical Approach. Cambridge University Press.
- R583 — Hamblin, C. (1970). Fallacies. Methuen & Co.
- R584 — Walton, D. (1995). A Pragmatic Theory of Fallacy. University of Alabama Press.
- R585 — van Eemeren, F. H. (2010). Strategic Maneuvering in Argumentative Discourse. John Benjamins Publishing.
- R586 — Walton, D. (2010). Why fallacies appear to be better arguments than they are. Informal Logic, 30(2), 159–184.
Equidade, intercâmbio social
- R875 — Van Yperen, N. W., & Buunk, B. P. (1991). Equity theory and exchange and communal orientation from a cross-national perspective. Journal of Social Psychology, 131, 5–20.
Falso consenso
- R833 — Ross, L., Greene, D., & House, P. (1977). The "false consensus effect": An egocentric bias in social perception and attribution processes. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 13(3), 279–301.
- R834 — Krueger, J. (1994). The truly false consensus effect: An ineradicable and egocentric bias in social perception. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(4), 596–610.
- R835 — Choi, I., & Cha, O. (2019). Cross-cultural examination of the false consensus effect. International Journal of Psychology, 54(1), 62–74.
- R836 — Bosveld, W., Koomen, W., & Vogelaar, R. (1997). Construing a social issue: Effects on attitudes and the false consensus effect. British Journal of Social Psychology, 36(3), 263–272.
- R837 — Luzsa, R., & Mayr, S. (2021). False consensus in the echo chamber. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 15(1).
Confissões e deteção de engano
- R136 — Vrij, A. (2008). Detecting Lies and Deceit: Pitfalls and Opportunities. Wiley.
- R244 — Gudjonsson, G. H. (2003). The Psychology of Interrogations and Confessions: A Handbook. Wiley.
Resposta a inquéritos, viés de cortesia
- R906 — Jones, E. L. (1963). The courtesy bias in South-East Asian surveys. International Social Science Journal, 15(1), 70–76.
- R907 — Baumgartner, H., & Steenkamp, J.-B. E. M. (2001). Response styles in marketing research: A cross-national investigation. Journal of Marketing Research, 38(2), 143–156.
- R908 — Blair, G., & Imai, K. (2012). Statistical analysis of list experiments. Political Analysis, 20(1), 47–77.
- R909 — Parkinson, S. (2013). Organizing rebellion: Rethinking high-risk mobilization and social networks in war. American Political Science Review, 107(3), 418–432.
- R910 — Schwarz, N. (1999). Self-reports: How the questions shape the answers. American Psychologist, 54(2), 93–105.
- R911 — Tourangeau, R., Rips, L. J., & Rasinski, K. (2000). The Psychology of Survey Response. Cambridge University Press.
- R912 — Triandis, H. C. (1994). Response styles. In Cross-Cultural Research Methods in Psychology (pp. 143–162). Cambridge University Press.
Profecia autorrealizável em grupos
- R482 — Liberman, V., Samuels, S. M., & Ross, L. (2004). The name of the game: Predictive power of reputations versus situational labels in determining Prisoner's Dilemma game moves. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30(9), 1175–1185.
Intervenções de pensamento paradoxal
- R483 — Hameiri, B., Porat, R., Bar-Tal, D., Bieler, A., & Halperin, E. (2014). Paradoxical thinking as a new avenue of intervention to promote peace. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(30), 10996–11001.
07. Relações intergrupais e preconceito
Estereótipos, dinâmicas de endogrupo/exogrupo, discriminação, preconceito, identidade social, desumanização e teoria do contacto intergrupal.
Livros
- R80 — Allport, G. W. (1954). The Nature of Prejudice. Addison-Wesley.
- R81 — Tajfel, H. (1981). Human Groups and Social Categories: Studies in Social Psychology. Cambridge University Press.
- R82 — Banaji, M. R., & Greenwald, A. G. (2013). Blindspot: Hidden Biases of Good People. Delacorte Press.
- R83 — Eberhardt, J. L. (2019). Biased: Uncovering the Hidden Prejudice That Shapes What We See, Think, and Do. Viking.
- R84 — Sidanius, J., & Pratto, F. (1999). Social Dominance: An Intergroup Theory of Social Hierarchy and Oppression. Cambridge University Press.
- R85 — Brewer, M. B., & Hewstone, M. (Eds.). (2004). Self and Social Identity. Blackwell Publishing.
- R86 — Gaertner, S. L., & Dovidio, J. F. (2000). Reducing Intergroup Bias: The Common Ingroup Identity Model. Psychology Press.
- R90 — Sherif, M., Harvey, O. J., White, B. J., Hood, W. R., & Sherif, C. W. (1961). Intergroup Conflict and Cooperation: The Robbers Cave Experiment. University of Oklahoma Book Exchange.
- R91 — Sherif, M. (1966). Group Conflict and Cooperation: Their Social Psychology. Routledge & Kegan Paul.
- R92 — Jussim, L. (2012). Social Perception and Social Reality: Why Accuracy Dominates Bias and Self-Fulfilling Prophecy. Oxford University Press.
- R93 — Rosenthal, R., & Jacobson, L. (1968). Pygmalion in the Classroom: Teacher Expectation and Pupils' Intellectual Development. Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
- R94 — Rosenthal, R. (1966). Experimenter Effects in Behavioral Research. Appleton-Century-Crofts.
- R95 — Adorno, T. W., Frenkel-Brunswik, E., Levinson, D. J., & Sanford, R. N. (1950). The Authoritarian Personality. Harper & Brothers.
- R96 — Lippmann, W. (1922). Public Opinion. Harcourt, Brace and Company.
- R97 — Fanon, F. (1952). Black Skin, White Masks. Grove Press.
- R98 — Kendi, I. X. (2019). How to Be an Antiracist. One World.
- R99 — Wilkerson, I. (2020). Caste: The Origins of Our Discontents. Random House.
- R227 — Bar-Tal, D. (2013). Intractable Conflicts: Socio-Psychological Foundations and Dynamics. Cambridge University Press.
- R254 — Payne, K. (2017). The Broken Ladder: How Inequality Affects the Way We Think, Live, and Die. Viking.
Artigos, estudos e capítulos
Erro de atribuição ao grupo e erro final de atribuição
- R540 — Allison, S. T., & Messick, D. M. (1985). The group attribution error. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 21(6), 563–579.
- R541 — Yzerbyt, V. Y., Rogier, A., & Fiske, S. T. (1998). Group entitativity and social attribution. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24(10), 1089–1103.
- R542 — Corneille, O., Yzerbyt, V. Y., Rogier, A., & Buidin, G. (2001). Threat and the group attribution error. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(4), 437–446.
- R543 — Rutchick, A. M., Smyth, J. M., & Konrath, S. (2009). Seeing red (and blue): Effects of electoral college depictions on political group perception. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 9(1), 269–282.
- R544 — Pettigrew, T. F. (1979). The ultimate attribution error: Extending Allport's cognitive analysis of prejudice. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 5, 461–476.
- R545 — Taylor, D. M., & Jaggi, V. (1974). Ethnocentrism and causal attribution in a South Indian context. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 5, 162–171.
- R546 — Hewstone, M. (1990). The 'ultimate attribution error'? A review of the literature on intergroup causal attribution. European Journal of Social Psychology, 20, 311–335.
- R547 — Morris, M. W., & Peng, K. (1994). Culture and cause: American and Chinese attributions for social and physical events. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 949–971.
- R548 — Waytz, A., Young, L. L., & Ginges, J. (2014). Motive attribution asymmetry for love vs. hate drives intractable conflict. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(44), 15687–15692.
- R549 — Wilder, D. A. (1986). Social categorization: Implications for creation and reduction of intergroup bias. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 19, pp. 291–355). Academic Press.
- R550 — Hewstone, M., & Ward, C. (1985). Ethnocentrism and causal attribution in Southeast Asia. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 614–623.
Identidade social, estereotipagem, preconceito
- R551 — Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. G. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds.), The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations (pp. 33–47). Brooks/Cole.
- R552 — Fiske, S. T., Cuddy, A. J., Glick, P., & Xu, J. (2002). A model of (often mixed) stereotype content. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6), 878–902.
- R553 — Pettigrew, T. F., & Tropp, L. R. (2006). A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90(5), 751–783.
- R554 — Devine, P. G. (1989). Stereotypes and prejudice: Their automatic and controlled components. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56(1), 5–18.
- R555 — Buolamwini, J., & Gebru, T. (2018). Gender shades: Intersectional accuracy disparities in commercial gender classification. Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, 81, 1–15.
- R556 — Fiske, S. T. (1998). Stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination. In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), The Handbook of Social Psychology (4th ed., pp. 357–411). McGraw-Hill.
Essencialismo psicológico
- R557 — Medin, D. L., & Ortony, A. (1989). Psychological essentialism. In S. Vosniadou & A. Ortony (Eds.), Similarity and Analogical Reasoning (pp. 179–195). Cambridge University Press.
- R558 — Dar-Nimrod, I., & Heine, S. J. (2011). Genetic essentialism: On the deceptive determinism of DNA. Psychological Bulletin, 137(5), 800–818.
- R559 — Haslam, N., Rothschild, L., & Ernst, D. (2000). Essentialist beliefs about social categories. British Journal of Social Psychology, 39(1), 113–127.
- R560 — Gelman, S. A. (2003). The Essential Child: Origins of Essentialism in Everyday Thought. Oxford University Press.
- R561 — Keil, F. C. (1989). Concepts, Kinds, and Cognitive Development. MIT Press.
- R562 — Hirschfeld, L. A. (1996). Race in the Making: Cognition, Culture, and the Child's Construction of Human Kinds. MIT Press.
- R563 — Yzerbyt, V., Corneille, O., & Estrada, C. (2001). The interplay of subjective essentialism and entitativity in the formation of stereotypes. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 5(2), 141–155.
Avaliação da dor e viés racial
- R342 — Hoffman, K. M., Trawalter, S., Axt, J. R., & Oliver, M. N. (2016). Racial bias in pain assessment and treatment recommendations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(16), 4296–4301.
Homogeneidade do exogrupo e infra-humanização
- R613 — Quattrone, G. A., & Jones, E. E. (1980). The perception of variability within in-groups and out-groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38(1), 141–152.
- R614 — Linville, P. W., Fischer, G. W., & Salovey, P. (1989). Perceived distributions of the characteristics of in-group and out-group members. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(2), 165–188.
- R615 — Leyens, J. P., Paladino, P. M., Rodriguez-Torres, R., Vaes, J., Demoulin, S., Rodriguez-Perez, A., & Gaunt, R. (2000). The emotional side of prejudice. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 4(2), 186–197.
- R616 — Yuki, M., Maddux, W. W., Brewer, M. B., & Takemura, K. (2005). Cross-cultural differences in relationship- and group-based trust. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31(1), 48–62.
- R618 — Linville, P. W. (1982). The complexity-extremity effect and age-based stereotyping. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 15, pp. 279–328). Academic Press.
Viés de homogeneidade em IA / LLMs (corrigido)
- R617 — Lee, M. H. J., Montgomery, J. M., & Lai, C. K. (2024). Large language models portray socially subordinate groups as more homogeneous, consistent with a bias observed in humans. Proceedings of the 2024 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (FAccT '24), 1321–1340. (Corrected per addendum item 7.)
Memória facial inter-racial / da própria raça
- R619 — Malpass, R. S., & Kravitz, J. (1969). Recognition for faces of own and other race. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 13(4), 330–334.
- R620 — Meissner, C. A., & Brigham, J. C. (2001). Thirty years of investigating the own-race bias in memory for faces: A meta-analytic review. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 7(1), 3–35.
- R621 — Hugenberg, K., Young, S. G., Bernstein, M. J., & Sacco, D. F. (2010). The categorization-individuation model. Psychological Review, 117(4), 1168–1187.
- R622 — Kelly, D. J., et al. (2007). Cross-race preferences for same-race faces extend beyond the African versus Caucasian contrast in 3-month-old infants. Infancy, 11(1), 87–95.
- R623 — Sangrigoli, S., Pallier, C., Argenti, A.-M., Ventureyra, V. A. G., & de Schonen, S. (2005). Reversibility of the other-race effect in face recognition during childhood. Psychological Science, 16(6), 440–444.
Paradigma do grupo mínimo e altruísmo paroquial
- R625 — Tajfel, H. (1970). Experiments in intergroup discrimination. Scientific American, 223(5), 96–102.
- R626 — Choi, J. K., & Bowles, S. (2007). The coevolution of parochial altruism and war. Science, 318(5850), 636–640.
- R627 — Reicher, S., & Haslam, S. A. (2006). Rethinking the psychology of tyranny: The BBC prison study. British Journal of Social Psychology, 45(1), 1–40.
- R628 — Turner, J. C. (1987). A self-categorization theory. In J. C. Turner et al., Rediscovering the Social Group: A Self-Categorization Theory (pp. 42–67). Basil Blackwell.
Efeito de halo (especialmente halo de atratividade)
- R629 — Thorndike, E. L. (1920). A constant error in psychological ratings. Journal of Applied Psychology, 4(1), 25–29.
- R630 — Dion, K., Berscheid, E., & Walster, E. (1972). What is beautiful is good. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 24(3), 285–290.
- R631 — Nisbett, R. E., & Wilson, T. D. (1977). The halo effect: Evidence for unconscious alteration of judgments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35(4), 250–256.
- R632 — Batres, C., & Shiramizu, V. (2022). Examining the attractiveness halo effect across cultures. PSA study across 45 countries.
- R633 — Rosenzweig, P. (2007). The Halo Effect... and the Eight Other Business Delusions That Deceive Managers. Free Press.
Desvalorização reativa em conflitos intergrupais
- R654 — Ross, L., & Stillinger, C. (1991). Barriers to conflict resolution. Negotiation Journal, 7(4), 389–404.
- R655 — Maoz, I., Ward, A., Katz, M., & Ross, L. (2002). Reactive devaluation of an "Israeli" vs. "Palestinian" peace proposal. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 46(4), 515–546.
- R656 — Cohen, G. L., Sherman, D. K., Bastardi, A., Hsu, L., McGoey, M., & Ross, L. (2007). Bridging the partisan divide. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93(1), 59–74.
- R657 — Ross, L., & Ward, A. (1995). Psychological barriers to dispute resolution. In M. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 27, pp. 255–304). Academic Press.
Memória coletiva e narrativas nacionais concorrentes
- R851 — Roediger, H. L., et al. (2019). Competing national memories of World War II. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(34), 16678–16686.
Justificação do sistema
- R994 — Jost, J. T., & Banaji, M. R. (1994). The role of stereotyping in system-justification and the production of false consciousness. British Journal of Social Psychology, 33(1), 1–27.
08. Persuasão, influência e comunicação
Investigação sobre persuasão na tradição de Cialdini, retórica, persuasão narrativa, atribuição de influência, teoria da comunicação e a linguagem da influência.
Livros
- R20 — Cialdini, R. B. (2021). Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion (New and Expanded Edition). Harper Business.
- R21 — Cialdini, R. B. (2006). Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion (Revised Edition). Harper Business.
- R131 — Perloff, R. M. (2014). The Dynamics of Persuasion: Communication and Attitudes in the 21st Century (5th ed.). Routledge.
- R132 — Bryant, J., & Oliver, M. B. (Eds.). (2009). Media Effects: Advances in Theory and Research (3rd ed.). Routledge.
- R133 — McQuail, D. (2010). McQuail's Mass Communication Theory (6th ed.). SAGE Publications.
- R161 — Heath, C., & Heath, D. (2007). Made to Stick: Why Some Ideas Survive and Others Die. Random House.
- R162 — Pinker, S. (2014). The Sense of Style: The Thinking Person's Guide to Writing in the 21st Century. Viking.
- R163 — Pinker, S. (2007). The Stuff of Thought: Language as a Window into Human Nature. Viking.
- R167 — Crystal, D. (2008). Txtng: The Gr8 Db8. Oxford University Press.
- R219 — Few, S. (2012). Show Me the Numbers: Designing Tables and Graphs to Enlighten. Analytics Press.
- R220 — Reynolds, G. (2012). Presentation Zen: Simple Ideas on Presentation Design and Delivery. New Riders.
Artigos, estudos e capítulos
Persuasão narrativa, vivacidade e insensibilidade à taxa base
- R502 — Borgida, E., & Nisbett, R. E. (1977). The differential impact of abstract vs. concrete information on decisions. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 7(3), 258–271.
- R503 — Hamill, R., Wilson, T. D., & Nisbett, R. E. (1980). Insensitivity to sample bias: Generalizing from atypical cases. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39(4), 578–589.
- R504 — Green, M. C., & Brock, T. C. (2000). The role of transportation in the persuasiveness of public narratives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(5), 701–721.
- R505 — Hornikx, J., & Hoeken, H. (2007). Cultural differences in the persuasiveness of evidence types and evidence quality. Communication Monographs, 74(4), 443–463.
Efeito Dr. Fox (sedução educacional)
- R463 — Naftulin, D. H., Ware, J. E., & Donnelly, F. A. (1973). The Doctor Fox lecture: A paradigm of educational seduction. Journal of Medical Education, 48(7), 630–635.
Efeito de terceira pessoa e influência presumida
- R826 — Davison, W. P. (1983). The third-person effect in communication. Public Opinion Quarterly, 47(1), 1–15.
- R827 — Paul, B., Salwen, M. B., & Dupagne, M. (2000). The third-person effect: A meta-analysis of the perceptual hypothesis. Mass Communication & Society, 3(1), 57–85.
- R828 — Perloff, R. M. (1999). The third-person effect: A critical review and synthesis. Media Psychology, 1(4), 353–378.
- R829 — Gunther, A. C. (1995). Overrating the X-rating: The third-person perception and support for censorship of pornography. Journal of Communication, 45(1), 27–38.
- R830 — Mutz, D. C. (1989). The influence of perceptions of media influence: Third person effects and the public expression of opinions. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 1(1), 3–23.
- R831 — Gunther, A. C., & Storey, J. D. (2003). The influence of presumed influence. Journal of Communication, 53(2), 199–215.
- R832 — Lo, V.-H., & Wei, R. (2002). Third-person effect, gender, and pornography on the Internet. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 46(1), 13–33.
Ilusões de recência/frequência na linguagem (corrigido e consolidado)
- R336 — Zwicky, A. (2006). Why are we so illuded? Abstract for LSA 2007. Stanford University. https://web.stanford.edu/~zwicky/LSA07illude.abst.pdf (Corrected per addendum item 4.)
- R515 — van der Meulen, M. (2022). Are we indeed so illuded? Recency and frequency illusions in Dutch prescriptivism. Languages, 7(1), 42. https://doi.org/10.3390/languages7010042 (Corrected per addendum item 6. Consolidated with original entry 337, which was a duplicate.)
- R516 — Zwicky, A. (2005). Just between Dr. Language and I. Language Log.
Crença em atitudes proposicionais opacas (filosofia da linguagem)
- R511 — Bacon, A. (2019). The logic of opacity. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 99(1), 81–114.
- R512 — Quine, W. V. O. (1956). Quantifiers and propositional attitudes. Journal of Philosophy, 53(5), 177–187.
- R513 — Frege, G. (1892/1952). On sense and reference. In P. Geach & M. Black (Eds.), Translations from the Philosophical Writings of Gottlob Frege. Blackwell.
- R514 — Kripke, S. (1980). A puzzle about belief. In N. Salmon & S. Soames (Eds.), Propositions and Attitudes. Oxford University Press.
Pinker sobre linguagem e comunicação
- R164 — Pinker, S. (2011). The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined. Viking.
- R165 — Pinker, S. (2018). Enlightenment Now: The Case for Reason, Science, Humanism, and Progress. Viking.
- R166 — Pinker, S. (2002). The Blank Slate: The Modern Denial of Human Nature. Viking Press.
Pre-mortem e previsão de classe de referência (comunicação para a qualidade da decisão)
- R507 — Klein, G. (2007). Performing a project premortem. Harvard Business Review.
- R508 — Flyvbjerg, B. (2006). From Nobel Prize to project management: Getting risks right. Project Management Journal, 37(3), 5–15.
Três linguagens da política
- R226 — Kling, A. (2017). The Three Languages of Politics: Talking Across the Political Divides. Cato Institute.
Autoridade, influência social no marketing
- R150 — (See section 01 — Shotton 2018, on biases in consumer choice; also a persuasion-adjacent work.)
Referências da teoria da comunicação de massas
- R265 — Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. Simon & Schuster. (Cross-listed: also relevant in section 12 — Trust/Networks.)
09. Economia e finanças comportamentais
Esta secção reúne fontes sobre economia comportamental, finanças comportamentais, ilusão do dinheiro, contabilidade mental, o efeito de disposição, efeitos de denominação, enigma do prémio de risco das ações e tópicos relacionados. Estreitamente ligada à secção 02 (Julgamento e tomada de decisão sob incerteza), secção 01 (vieses basilares) e secção 10 (Negociação e fecho de acordos). Particularmente relevante para a fase de "Acordos" da PEM, os seis domínios de recursos (especialmente o domínio Financeiro), o princípio "Venda compreensão, não tempo" e a discussão sobre a ilusão do dinheiro, contabilidade mental e o viés Weber-Fechner na fixação de preços.
Livros
- R5 — Thaler, R. H., & Sunstein, C. R. (2008). Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness. Yale University Press.
- R6 — Thaler, R. H. (2015). Misbehaving: The Making of Behavioral Economics. W. W. Norton & Company.
- R69 — Akerlof, G. A., & Shiller, R. J. (2009). Animal Spirits: How Human Psychology Drives the Economy, and Why It Matters for Global Capitalism. Princeton University Press.
- R70 — Fisher, I. (1928). The Money Illusion. Adelphi Company.
- R71 — Keynes, J. M. (1936). The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. Macmillan.
- R72 — Shefrin, H. (2000). Beyond Greed and Fear: Understanding Behavioral Finance and the Psychology of Investing. Oxford University Press.
- R73 — Montier, J. (2007). Behavioural Investing: A Practitioner's Guide to Applying Behavioural Finance. Wiley.
- R74 — Shiller, R. J. (2015). Irrational Exuberance (3rd ed.). Princeton University Press.
- R75 — Lewis, M. (2010). The Big Short: Inside the Doomsday Machine. W. W. Norton.
- R77 — Mullainathan, S., & Shafir, E. (2013). Scarcity: Why Having Too Little Means So Much. Times Books.
Artigos, estudos e capítulos
Ilusão do dinheiro
- R414 — Shafir, E., Diamond, P., & Tversky, A. (1997). Money illusion. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 112(2), 341–374.
- R415 — Fehr, E., & Tyran, J.-R. (2001). Does money illusion matter? American Economic Review, 91(5), 1239–1262.
- R416 — Modigliani, F., & Cohn, R. A. (1979). Inflation, rational valuation and the market. Financial Analysts Journal, 35(2), 24–44.
- R417 — Brunnermeier, M. K., & Julliard, C. (2008). Money illusion and housing frenzies. Review of Financial Studies, 21(1), 135–180.
- R418 — Weber, B., Rangel, A., Wibral, M., & Falk, A. (2009). The medial prefrontal cortex exhibits money illusion. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(13), 5025–5028.
- R419 — Akerlof, G. A., Dickens, W. T., & Perry, G. L. (1996). The macroeconomics of low inflation. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1996(1), 1–76.
Contabilidade mental, efeito de disposição e comportamento de poupança
- R666 — Thaler, R. H. (1985). Mental accounting and consumer choice. Marketing Science, 4(3), 199–214.
- R667 — Thaler, R. H. (1999). Mental accounting matters. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 12(3), 183–206.
- R668 — Prelec, D., & Loewenstein, G. (1998). The red and the black: Mental accounting of savings and debt. Marketing Science, 17(1), 4–28.
- R669 — Camerer, C., Babcock, L., Loewenstein, G., & Thaler, R. (1997). Labor supply of New York City cabdrivers: One day at a time. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 112(2), 407–441.
- R670 — Shefrin, H., & Statman, M. (1985). The disposition to sell winners too early and ride losers too long. Journal of Finance, 40(3), 777–790.
- R671 — Thaler, R. H., & Benartzi, S. (2004). Save More Tomorrow: Using behavioral economics to increase employee saving. Journal of Political Economy, 112(S1), S164–S187.
Comportamento do investidor e modelos financeiros comportamentais
- R393 — Barberis, N., Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. (1998). A model of investor sentiment. Journal of Financial Economics, 49(3), 307–343.
- R394 — Ball, R., & Brown, P. (1968). An empirical evaluation of accounting income numbers. Journal of Accounting Research, 6(2), 159–178.
- R902 — Barber, B. M., & Odean, T. (2000). Trading is hazardous to your wealth. Journal of Finance, 55(2), 773–806.
- R975 — Odean, T. (1998). Are investors reluctant to realize their losses? Journal of Finance, 53(5), 1775–1798.
- R976 — Grinblatt, M., & Keloharju, M. (2001). What makes investors trade? Journal of Finance, 56(2), 589–616.
- R977 — Barberis, N., & Xiong, W. (2012). Realization utility. Journal of Financial Economics, 104(2), 251–271.
- R978 — Frazzini, A. (2006). The disposition effect and underreaction to news. Journal of Finance, 61(4), 2017–2046.
- R979 — Genesove, D., & Mayer, C. (2001). Loss aversion and seller behavior: Evidence from the housing market. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 116(4), 1233–1260.
- R980 — Barberis, N., & Thaler, R. (2003). A survey of behavioral finance. In G. Constantinides, M. Harris, & R. Stulz (Eds.), Handbook of the Economics of Finance (pp. 1053–1128). Elsevier.
Enigma do prémio de risco das ações
- A41 — Benartzi, S., & Thaler, R. H. (1995). Myopic loss aversion and the equity premium puzzle. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110(1), 73–92.
- A42 — Mehra, R., & Prescott, E. C. (1985). The equity premium: A puzzle. Journal of Monetary Economics, 15(2), 145–161.
Efeito de denominação
- R697 — Raghubir, P., & Srivastava, J. (2009). The denomination effect. Journal of Consumer Research, 36(4), 701–713.
- R698 — Mishra, H., Mishra, A., & Nayakankuppam, D. (2006). Money: A bias for the whole. Journal of Consumer Research, 32(4), 541–549.
- R699 — Di Muro, F., & Noseworthy, T. J. (2013). Money isn't everything, but it helps if it doesn't look used. Journal of Consumer Research, 39(6), 1330–1342.
- R700 — Zenkić, J., Lei, J., Millet, K., & Rotman, J. D. (2024). Reversing the denomination effect in tipping contexts. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 34(2), 351–358. (Corrected per addendum item 9.)
- R701 — Li, Y., & Pandelaere, M. (2021). The denomination–spending matching effect. Journal of Business Research, 128, 338–349. (Corrected per addendum item 10.)
Fundamentos da teoria da decisão
- R64 — Knight, F. H. (1921). Risk, Uncertainty, and Profit. Houghton Mifflin. (Cross-listed: also relevant in section 02.)
- R65 — Savage, L. J. (1954). The Foundations of Statistics. John Wiley & Sons. (Cross-listed: also relevant in section 02.)
- R687 — Von Neumann, J., & Morgenstern, O. (1944). Theory of Games and Economic Behavior. Princeton University Press. (Cross-listed: also relevant in section 10.)
Crise sistémica, macro-instabilidade e antifragilidade
- A35 — Reinhart, C. M., & Rogoff, K. S. (2009). This Time Is Different: Eight Centuries of Financial Folly. Princeton University Press.
- A36 — Acemoglu, D., & Robinson, J. A. (2012). Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty. Crown Business.
- A37 — Tooze, A. (2018). Crashed: How a Decade of Financial Crises Changed the World. Viking.
- A38 — Goldin, I., & Mariathasan, M. (2014). The Butterfly Defect: How Globalization Creates Systemic Risks, and What to Do About It. Princeton University Press.
Tomada de decisão sob profunda incerteza
- A39 — Lempert, R. J., Popper, S. W., & Bankes, S. C. (2003). Shaping the Next One Hundred Years: New Methods for Quantitative, Long-Term Policy Analysis. RAND Corporation.
- A40 — Marchau, V. A. W. J., Walker, W. E., Bloemen, P. J. T. M., & Popper, S. W. (Eds.). (2019). Decision Making under Deep Uncertainty: From Theory to Practice. Springer.
10. Negociação e fecho de acordos
Esta secção reúne fontes sobre teoria da negociação, configuração de acordos, viés de soma zero, fixação de preços baseada no valor e regateio. Estreitamente relacionada com a secção 09 (Economia comportamental) e a secção 12 (Confiança, reputação, redes). Diretamente relevante para a fase de "Acordos" da PEM, a configuração de acordos nos seis domínios de recursos, o princípio "Venda compreensão, não tempo", o preço da especialização baseado no valor, a fronteira Acordos/Execução e as discussões sobre o viés de soma zero, ancoragem e desvalorização reativa na negociação.
Livros
- R137 — Mnookin, R. (2010). Bargaining with the Devil: When to Negotiate, When to Fight. Simon & Schuster.
- R138 — Fisher, R., Ury, W., & Patton, B. (1981). Getting to Yes: Negotiating Agreement Without Giving In. Penguin Books.
- R139 — Bazerman, M. H., & Neale, M. A. (1992). Negotiating Rationally. Free Press.
- R140 — Thompson, L. (2005). The Mind and Heart of the Negotiator (3rd ed.). Pearson Prentice Hall.
- R141 — Bazerman, M. H., & Moore, D. A. (2012). Judgment in Managerial Decision Making (8th ed.). Wiley. (Cross-listed: also relevant in section 02.)
- A43 — Weiss, A. (2021). Million Dollar Consulting: The Professional's Guide to Growing a Practice (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
- A44 — Baker, R. J. (2010). Implementing Value Pricing: A Radical Business Model for Professional Firms. Wiley.
Artigos, estudos e capítulos
Heurísticas e vieses na negociação
- R684 — Bazerman, M. H., & Neale, M. A. (1983). Heuristics in negotiation: Limitations to effective dispute resolution. Negotiating in Organizations, 51–67.
Viés de soma zero
- R682 — Meegan, D. V. (2010). Zero-sum bias: Perceived competition despite unlimited resources. Frontiers in Psychology, 1, 191.
- R683 — Różycka-Tran, J., Boski, P., & Wojciszke, B. (2015). Belief in a zero-sum game as a social axiom: A 37-nation study. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 46(4), 525–548.
- R685 — Chinoy, S., Nunn, N., Sequeira, S., & Stantcheva, S. (2024). Zero-sum thinking and the roots of U.S. political divides. NBER Working Paper No. 31688. (Corrected per addendum item 8.)
- R686 — Davidai, S., & Ongis, M. (2019). The politics of zero-sum thinking. Science Advances, 5(12).
Desvalorização reativa e barreiras à resolução
- R654 — Ross, L., & Stillinger, C. (1991). Barriers to conflict resolution. Negotiation Journal, 7(4), 389–404. (Cross-listed: also relevant in section 07.)
- R655 — Maoz, I., Ward, A., Katz, M., & Ross, L. (2002). Reactive devaluation of an "Israeli" vs. "Palestinian" peace proposal. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 46(4), 515–546. (Cross-listed: also relevant in section 07.)
- R656 — Cohen, G. L., Sherman, D. K., Bastardi, A., Hsu, L., McGoey, M., & Ross, L. (2007). Bridging the partisan divide. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93(1), 59–74. (Cross-listed: also relevant in section 07.)
- R657 — Ross, L., & Ward, A. (1995). Psychological barriers to dispute resolution. In M. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 27, pp. 255–304). Academic Press. (Cross-listed: also relevant in section 07.)
11. Perceção de risco, desastres e segurança
Esta secção reúne fontes sobre perceção de risco, psicologia do desastre, acidentes organizacionais, erro humano, homeostasia do risco e regulamentação de segurança. Estreitamente ligada à secção 02 (Julgamento e tomada de decisão) e à secção 04 (Perceção, atenção e consciência). Relevante para as discussões da PEM sobre o viés de normalidade, viés de ação, ilusão de controlo, o efeito Peltzman / homeostasia do risco, acidentes organizacionais e a atuação sob condições de crise e incerteza sistémica.
Livros
- R53 — Slovic, P. (Ed.). (2000). The Perception of Risk. Earthscan Publications.
- R54 — Slovic, P. (2010). The Feeling of Risk: New Perspectives on Risk Perception. Routledge.
- R56 — Sunstein, C. R. (2005). Laws of Fear: Beyond the Precautionary Principle. Cambridge University Press.
- R57 — Sunstein, C. R. (2002). Risk and Reason: Safety, Law, and the Environment. Cambridge University Press.
- R63 — Breyer, S. (1993). Breaking the Vicious Circle: Toward Effective Risk Regulation. Harvard University Press.
- R142 — Drummond, H. (1996). Escalation in Decision-Making: The Tragedy of Taurus. Oxford University Press.
- R143 — Vaughan, D. (1996). The Challenger Launch Decision: Risky Technology, Culture, and Deviance at NASA. University of Chicago Press.
- R144 — Wohlstetter, R. (1962). Pearl Harbor: Warning and Decision. Stanford University Press.
- R145 — Snook, S. A. (2000). Friendly Fire: The Accidental Shootdown of U.S. Black Hawks over Northern Iraq. Princeton University Press.
- R146 — Gawande, A. (2009). The Checklist Manifesto: How to Get Things Right. Metropolitan Books.
- R147 — Reason, J. (1990). Human Error. Cambridge University Press.
- R148 — Reason, J. (1997). Managing the Risks of Organizational Accidents. Ashgate.
- R149 — Norman, D. A. (2013). The Design of Everyday Things: Revised and Expanded Edition. Basic Books. (Original work published 1988.)
- R192 — Ripley, A. (2008). The Unthinkable: Who Survives When Disaster Strikes—and Why. Crown Publishers.
- R193 — Quarantelli, E. L. (Ed.). (1998). What is a Disaster? Perspectives on the Question. Routledge.
- R194 — Leach, J. (1994). Survival Psychology. Palgrave Macmillan.
- R898 — Wilde, G. J. S. (2001). Target Risk 2: A New Psychology of Safety and Health. PDE Publications.
- R899 — Adams, J. (1995). Risk. UCL Press.
Artigos, estudos e capítulos
Psicologia do desastre e pânico
- R673 — Quarantelli, E. L. (1954). The nature and conditions of panic. American Journal of Sociology, 60(3), 267–275.
- R675 — Leach, J. (2004). Why people 'freeze' in an emergency. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 75(6), 539–542.
- R676 — Frey, B. S., Savage, D. A., & Torgler, B. (2010). Interaction of natural survival instincts and internalized social norms exploring the Titanic and Lusitania disasters. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(11), 4862–4865.
- R677 — Quarantelli, E. L. (2008). Conventional beliefs and counterintuitive realities. In H. Rodríguez, E. L. Quarantelli, & R. R. Dynes (Eds.), Handbook of Disaster Research (pp. 325–346). Springer.
Fenómenos físicos aleatórios e contraintuitivos
- R678 — Matthews, R. (1995). Tumbling toast, Murphy's Law and the fundamental constants. European Journal of Physics, 16(4), 172–176.
- R679 — Raymer, D. M., & Smith, D. E. (2007). Spontaneous knotting of an agitated string. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104(42), 16432–16437.
- R680 — Redelmeier, D. A., & Tibshirani, R. J. (1999). Why cars in the next lane seem to go faster. Nature, 401(6748), 35.
Erro humano e competências-regras-conhecimento
- R681 — Rasmussen, J. (1983). Skills, rules, and knowledge; signals, signs, and symbols. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, SMC-13(3), 257–266.
Homeostasia do risco e efeito Peltzman
- R894 — Peltzman, S. (1975). The effects of automobile safety regulation. Journal of Political Economy, 83(4), 677–726.
- R895 — Wilde, G. J. S. (1982). The theory of risk homeostasis: Implications for safety and health. Risk Analysis, 2(4), 209–225.
- R896 — Hedlund, J. (2000). Risky business: Safety regulations, risk compensation, and individual behavior. Injury Prevention, 6(2), 82–89.
- R897 — Adams, J. (1981). The efficacy of seatbelt legislation. Department of Geography, University College London.
- R900 — Peltzman, S. (2004). Regulation and the natural progress of opulence. AEI-Brookings Joint Center 2004 Distinguished Lecture. American Enterprise Institute.
Perceção de risco e preocupação
- R971 — Baron, J., Hershey, J. C., & Kunreuther, H. (1993). Determinants of priority for risk reduction: The role of worry. Risk Analysis, 13(6), 605–618.
- R972 — Viscusi, W. K., Magat, W. A., & Huber, J. (1987). An investigation of the rationality of consumer valuations of multiple health risks. RAND Journal of Economics, 18(4), 465–479.
- R973 — Tversky, A., & Fox, C. R. (1995). Weighing risk and uncertainty. Psychological Review, 102(2), 269–283. (Cross-listed: also relevant in section 02.)
- R974 — Slovic, P. (1987). Perception of risk. Science, 236, 280–285.
Risco iatrogénico e história médica
- R903 — Starko, K. M. (2009). Salicylates and pandemic influenza mortality, 1918–1919. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 49(9), 1405–1410.
12. Confiança, reputação, redes e marca pessoal
Esta secção reúne fontes sobre teoria da confiança, redes sociais e capital social, reputação e marca pessoal. É basilar para a Fórmula de Confiança da PEM (Impacto Demonstrado × Presença Transparente × Alinhamento Consistente), a "Economia da Confiança", os Sete Pilares da presença baseada na confiança (Marca Pessoal, Redes Estratégicas, Eventos Offline, Conteúdo e Liderança de Pensamento, Prova Social, Transparência, Consistência), e os domínios de recursos Reputacional e Social.
Livros
- R262 — Botsman, R. (2017). Who Can You Trust? How Technology Brought Us Together and Why It Might Drive Us Apart. PublicAffairs / Penguin Portfolio.
- R263 — Covey, S. M. R., with Merrill, R. R. (2006). The SPEED of Trust: The One Thing That Changes Everything. Free Press.
- R264 — Fukuyama, F. (1995). Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity. Free Press.
- R265 — Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. Simon & Schuster.
- A18 — Burt, R. S. (1992). Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition. Harvard University Press.
- A20 — Christakis, N. A., & Fowler, J. H. (2009). Connected: The Surprising Power of Our Social Networks and How They Shape Our Lives. Little, Brown.
- A22 — Maister, D. H., Green, C. H., & Galford, R. M. (2000). The Trusted Advisor. Free Press.
- A23 — Hardin, R. (2002). Trust and Trustworthiness. Russell Sage Foundation.
- A26 — Gandini, A. (2016). The Reputation Economy: Understanding Knowledge Work in Digital Society. Palgrave Macmillan.
Artigos, estudos e capítulos
Teoria das redes e capital social
- A17 — Granovetter, M. (1973). The strength of weak ties. American Journal of Sociology, 78(6), 1360–1380.
- A19 — Burt, R. S. (2004). Structural holes and good ideas. American Journal of Sociology, 110(2), 349–399.
Teoria da confiança (base para a Fórmula de Confiança)
- A21 — Mayer, R. C., Davis, J. H., & Schoorman, F. D. (1995). An integrative model of organizational trust. Academy of Management Review, 20(3), 709–734.
Marca pessoal e reputação
- A24 — Peters, T. (1997). The brand called you. Fast Company, 10, 83–90.
- A25 — Khedher, M. (2014). Personal branding phenomenon. International Journal of Information, Business and Management, 6(2), 29–40.
13. Especialização, aprendizagem e desenvolvimento de competências
Esta secção reúne fontes sobre o desenvolvimento de especialização, conhecimento tácito, intuição e prática deliberada. Estreitamente relacionada com a secção 03 (Memória e cognição) e a secção 15 (Comportamento organizacional). Basilar para a Cadeia Interna da PEM (Experiência → Compreensão → Impacto), a distinção entre "Informação vs. Compreensão", o desenvolvimento de padrões transmissíveis e as discussões sobre conhecimento tácito, prática deliberada e intuição.
Livros
- R61 — Klein, G. (2013). Seeing What Others Don't: The Remarkable Ways We Gain Insights. PublicAffairs.
- R62 — Klein, G. (2007). The Power of Intuition. Crown Business.
- A11 — Polanyi, M. (1966). The Tacit Dimension. Doubleday.
- A12 — Polanyi, M. (1958). Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post-Critical Philosophy. University of Chicago Press.
- A13 — Collins, H. (2010). Tacit and Explicit Knowledge. University of Chicago Press.
- A15 — Ericsson, K. A., & Pool, R. (2016). Peak: Secrets from the New Science of Expertise. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
- A16 — Hogarth, R. M. (2001). Educating Intuition. University of Chicago Press.
Artigos, estudos e capítulos
Prática deliberada
- A14 — Ericsson, K. A., Krampe, R. T., & Tesch-Römer, C. (1993). The role of deliberate practice in the acquisition of expert performance. Psychological Review, 100(3), 363–406.
Ciência da aprendizagem e aquisição de competências baseada na memória
- R36 — Brown, P. C., Roediger, H. L., & McDaniel, M. A. (2014). Make It Stick: The Science of Successful Learning. Harvard University Press / Belknap Press. (Cross-listed: also relevant in section 03.)
14. Motivação, emoção e bem-estar
Esta secção reúne fontes sobre teoria da motivação, recompensas intrínsecas/extrínsecas, emoção, previsão afetiva, o viés de durabilidade, seletividade socioemocional, o efeito de positividade no envelhecimento, psicologia do humor e bem-estar. Estreitamente ligada à secção 05 (Autoperceção) e à secção 03 (Memória). Relevante para o domínio de recursos Biológico da PEM, as discussões sobre previsão afetiva e viés de durabilidade, o viés de pureza da motivação e o enquadramento do bem-estar.
Livros
- R111 — Beck, A. T. (1979). Cognitive Therapy of Depression. Guilford Press.
- R112 — Fredrickson, B. L. (2009). Positivity. Crown Publishers.
- R113 — Hanson, R. (2013). Hardwiring Happiness: The New Brain Science of Contentment, Calm, and Confidence. Harmony Books.
- R114 — Baumeister, R. F., & Tierney, J. (2019). The Power of Bad: How the Negativity Effect Rules Us and How We Can Rule It. Penguin Press.
- R115 — Baumeister, R. F., & Tierney, J. (2011). Willpower: Rediscovering the Greatest Human Strength. Penguin Press.
- R116 — Damasio, A. R. (1994). Descartes' Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain. Putnam.
- R117 — Sharot, T. (2011). The Optimism Bias: A Tour of the Irrationally Positive Brain. Vintage / Pantheon.
- R118 — Norem, J. K. (2001). The Positive Power of Negative Thinking. Basic Books.
- R119 — Mischel, W. (2014). The Marshmallow Test: Mastering Self-Control. Little, Brown and Company.
- R120 — Ainslie, G. (2001). Breakdown of Will. Cambridge University Press.
- R121 — Pink, D. H. (2009). Drive: The Surprising Truth About What Motivates Us. Riverhead Books.
- R122 — Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior. Plenum Press.
- R123 — Frankl, V. E. (1959). Man's Search for Meaning. Beacon Press.
- R124 — Shenk, J. W. (2005). Lincoln's Melancholy: How Depression Challenged a President and Fueled His Greatness. Houghton Mifflin.
- R256 — Martin, R. A. (2007). The Psychology of Humor: An Integrative Approach. Academic Press.
- R257 — Ziv, A. (1984). Personality and Sense of Humor. Springer.
- R258 — Ruch, W. (Ed.). (1998). The Sense of Humor: Explorations of a Personality Characteristic. Mouton de Gruyter.
Artigos, estudos e capítulos
Conceitos basilares de utilidade vivida e felicidade
- R302 — Kahneman, D., Krueger, A. B., Schkade, D., Schwarz, N., & Stone, A. (2006). Would you be happier if you were richer? A focusing illusion. Science, 312(5782), 1908–1910. (Cross-listed: also relevant in section 01.)
- R304 — Kahneman, D., Wakker, P. P., & Sarin, R. (1997). Back to Bentham? Explorations of experienced utility. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 112(2), 375–406.
Seletividade socioemocional e efeito de positividade no envelhecimento
- R640 — Carstensen, L. L., Isaacowitz, D. M., & Charles, S. T. (1999). Taking time seriously: A theory of socioemotional selectivity. American Psychologist, 54(3), 165–181.
- R641 — Mather, M., & Knight, M. (2005). Goal-directed memory: The role of cognitive control in older adults' emotional memory. Psychology and Aging, 20(4), 554–570.
- R642 — Wolpe, N., et al. (2025). Age-related positivity bias in emotion recognition is linked to lower cognitive performance and altered amygdala–orbitofrontal connectivity. Journal of Neuroscience.
- R643 — Reed, A. E., Chan, L., & Mikels, J. A. (2014). Meta-analysis of the age-related positivity effect. Psychology and Aging, 29(1), 1–15.
- R644 — Mather, M., & Carstensen, L. L. (2005). Aging and motivated cognition: The positivity effect in attention and memory. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9(10), 496–502.
- R645 — Löckenhoff, C. E., & Carstensen, L. L. (2007). Aging, emotion, and health-related decision strategies. Psychology and Aging, 22(1), 134–146.
Motivação: intrínseca, extrínseca e pureza
- R732 — Heath, C. (1999). On the social psychology of agency relationships: Lay theories of motivation overemphasize extrinsic incentives. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 78(1), 25–62.
- R733 — Deci, E. L. (1971). Effects of externally mediated rewards on intrinsic motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 18(1), 105–115.
- R734 — Lepper, M. R., Greene, D., & Nisbett, R. E. (1973). Undermining children's intrinsic interest with extrinsic reward. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 28(1), 129–137.
- R735 — Derfler-Rozin, R., & Pitesa, M. (2020). Motivation purity bias. Academy of Management Journal, 63(6), 1840–1864.
- R736 — Titmuss, R. (1970). The Gift Relationship: From Human Blood to Social Policy. Allen & Unwin.
- R737 — Taylor, F. W. (1911). The Principles of Scientific Management. Harper & Brothers.
- R738 — Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25(1), 54–67.
Previsão afetiva e viés de durabilidade
- R772 — Gilbert, D. T., Pinel, E. C., Wilson, T. D., Blumberg, S. J., & Wheatley, T. P. (1998). Immune neglect: A source of durability bias in affective forecasting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(3), 617–638.
- R773 — Wilson, T. D., Wheatley, T., Meyers, J. M., Gilbert, D. T., & Axsom, D. (2000). Focalism: A source of durability bias in affective forecasting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(5), 821–836.
- R774 — Brickman, P., Coates, D., & Janoff-Bulman, R. (1978). Lottery winners and accident victims: Is happiness relative? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 36(8), 917–927.
- R775 — Levine, L. J., Lench, H. C., Kaplan, R. L., & Safer, M. A. (2012). Accuracy and artifact: Reexamining the intensity bias in affective forecasting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103(4), 584–605.
- R776 — Wilson, T. D., & Gilbert, D. T. (2013). The impact bias is alive and well. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 105(5), 740–748.
- R777 — Wilson, T. D., & Gilbert, D. T. (2003). Affective forecasting. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 35, pp. 345–411). Academic Press.
- R778 — Loewenstein, G., & Schkade, D. (1999). Wouldn't it be nice? Predicting future feelings. In D. Kahneman, E. Diener, & N. Schwarz (Eds.), Well-Being: The Foundations of Hedonic Psychology (pp. 85–105). Russell Sage Foundation.
Bem-estar e adaptação
- A47 — Diener, E., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Beyond money: Toward an economy of well-being. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 5(1), 1–31.
15. Comportamento organizacional, gestão e produtividade
Esta secção reúne fontes sobre comportamento organizacional, gestão, sistemas de produtividade, trabalho do conhecimento, automação nas organizações, a falácia do planeamento em escala, rotina e perceção do tempo. Estreitamente ligada à secção 13 (Especialização) e à secção 16 (Tecnologia e IA). Diretamente relevante para o Princípio da Delegação da PEM, a Hierarquia da Delegação (Automatizar → Sistematizar → Formar Parcerias), os Dois Modos de Execução (Arquiteto/Construtor), a transição de tempo por dinheiro para produto por dinheiro, padrões transmissíveis, a falácia do planeamento e o viés de automação.
Livros
- R216 — Brown, W. J., Malveau, R. C., McCormick, H. W., & Mowbray, T. J. (1998). AntiPatterns: Refactoring Software, Architectures, and Projects in Crisis. Wiley.
- R218 — Kaplan, A. (1964). The Conduct of Inquiry: Methodology for Behavioral Science. Chandler Publishing.
- R231 — Allen, D. (2001). Getting Things Done: The Art of Stress-Free Productivity. Penguin.
- R232 — Newport, C. (2016). Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World. Grand Central Publishing.
- R235 — Edmondson, A. C. (2018). The Fearless Organization: Creating Psychological Safety in the Workplace for Learning, Innovation, and Growth. Wiley.
- R236 — Bohnet, I. (2016). What Works: Gender Equality by Design. Harvard University Press.
- R237 — Flyvbjerg, B. (2003). Megaprojects and Risk: An Anatomy of Ambition. Cambridge University Press.
- R238 — Flyvbjerg, B. (2021). How Big Things Get Done. Currency.
- R270 — Gerber, M. E. (1995). The E-Myth Revisited: Why Most Small Businesses Don't Work and What to Do About It. HarperBusiness.
- R271 — Sullivan, D., & Hardy, B. (2020). Who Not How: The Formula to Achieve Bigger Goals Through Accelerating Teamwork. Hay House Business.
- R272 — Ferriss, T. (2007). The 4-Hour Workweek: Escape 9–5, Live Anywhere, and Join the New Rich. Crown Publishers.
- R273 — Nonaka, I., & Takeuchi, H. (1995). The Knowledge-Creating Company: How Japanese Companies Create the Dynamics of Innovation. Oxford University Press.
- R274 — Drucker, P. F. (1999). Management Challenges for the 21st Century. HarperBusiness.
- R275 — Drucker, P. F. (1959). Landmarks of Tomorrow: A Report on the New "Post-Modern" World. Harper & Brothers.
- R276 — Clark, D. (2017). Entrepreneurial You: Monetize Your Expertise, Create Multiple Income Streams, and Thrive. Harvard Business Review Press.
- R277 — Vaynerchuk, G. (2009). Crush It! Why NOW Is the Time to Cash In on Your Passion. HarperStudio.
- R280 — Meadows, D. H. (2008). Thinking in Systems: A Primer (D. Wright, Ed.). Chelsea Green Publishing.
- R281 — Senge, P. M. (1990). The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization. Doubleday / Currency.
- R284 — Parasuraman, R., & Mouloua, M. (Eds.). (1996). Automation and Human Performance: Theory and Applications. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- R285 — Wickens, C. D., & Hollands, J. G. (2000). Engineering Psychology and Human Performance (3rd ed.). Prentice Hall.
- R286 — Lee, J. D., Wickens, C. D., Liu, Y., & Boyle, L. N. (2017). Designing for People: An Introduction to Human Factors Engineering (3rd ed.). CreateSpace.
- R925 — Kim, W. C., & Mauborgne, R. (2005). Blue Ocean Strategy. Harvard Business Review Press.
Artigos, estudos e capítulos
Viés de automação
- R594 — Skitka, L. J., Mosier, K. L., & Burdick, M. (1999). Does automation bias decision-making? International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 51(5), 991–1006.
- R595 — Parasuraman, R., & Manzey, D. H. (2010). Complacency and bias in human use of automation: An attentional integration. Human Factors, 52(3), 381–410.
- R596 — Lee, J. D., & See, K. A. (2004). Trust in automation: Designing for appropriate reliance. Human Factors, 46(1), 50–80.
- R597 — Lyell, D., & Coiera, E. (2017). Automation bias and verification complexity: A systematic review. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 24(2), 423–431.
- R598 — Goddard, K., Roudsari, A., & Wyatt, J. C. (2012). Automation bias: A systematic review of frequency, effect mediators, and mitigators. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 19(1), 121–127.
- R599 — Mosier, K. L., & Skitka, L. J. (1996). Human decision makers and automated decision aids. In R. Parasuraman & M. Mouloua (Eds.), Automation and Human Performance (pp. 201–220). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Rotina e perceção do tempo
- R658 — Avni-Babad, D., & Ritov, I. (2003). Routine and the perception of time. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 132(4), 543–550.
- R659 — Roy, M. M., & Christenfeld, N. J. S. (2007). Bias in memory predicts bias in estimation of future task duration. Memory & Cognition, 35(3), 557–564.
- R660 — Roy, M. M., & Christenfeld, N. J. S. (2008). Effect of task length on remembered and predicted duration. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 15(1), 202–207.
- R661 — Harms, I. M., et al. (2021). Route familiarity and driving behavior: A systematic review. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour.
Falácia do planeamento
- R662 — Buehler, R., Griffin, D., & Ross, M. (1994). Exploring the "planning fallacy": Why people underestimate their task completion times. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(3), 366–381.
- R663 — Buehler, R., Griffin, D., & Ross, M. (2002). Inside the planning fallacy. In Heuristics and Biases (pp. 250–270). Cambridge University Press.
- R664 — Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1979). Intuitive prediction: Biases and corrective procedures. TIMS Studies in Management Science, 12, 313–327.
- R665 — Kahneman, D., & Lovallo, D. (1993). Timid choices and bold forecasts: A cognitive perspective on risk taking. In R. Rumelt, D. Schendel, & D. Teece (Eds.), Fundamental Issues in Strategy (pp. 71–96). Harvard Business School Press.
16. Tecnologia, IA e o futuro do trabalho
Esta secção reúne fontes sobre a revolução da IA, o impacto da IA generativa na produtividade, o futuro do trabalho e as implicações económicas da automação. Estreitamente ligada à secção 15 (Comportamento organizacional). Diretamente relevante para a discussão do "Contexto Macro" da PEM acerca da disrupção da IA, o enquadramento da "Economia da Confiança", o papel da IA na Hierarquia da Delegação, a revisão de qualidade assistida por IA e a questão do que a IA mercantiliza versus o que não consegue replicar.
Livros
- R266 — Mollick, E. (2024). Co-Intelligence: Living and Working with AI. Portfolio / Penguin.
- R267 — Brynjolfsson, E., & McAfee, A. (2014). The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies. W. W. Norton & Company.
- R268 — Susskind, D. (2020). A World Without Work: Technology, Automation, and How We Should Respond. Metropolitan Books / Henry Holt.
- R269 — Lee, K.-F. (2018). AI Superpowers: China, Silicon Valley, and the New World Order. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
Artigos, estudos e capítulos
Impacto da IA no trabalho do conhecimento e na produtividade
- A30 — Brynjolfsson, E., Li, D., & Raymond, L. R. (2025). Generative AI at work. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 140(2), 889–942.
- A31 — Dell'Acqua, F., McFowland, E., Mollick, E., Lifshitz-Assaf, H., Kellogg, K., Rajendran, S., Krayer, L., Candelon, F., & Lakhani, K. R. (2023). Navigating the jagged technological frontier: Field experimental evidence of the effects of AI on knowledge worker productivity and quality. Harvard Business School Working Paper No. 24-013.
- A32 — Noy, S., & Zhang, W. (2023). Experimental evidence on the productivity effects of generative artificial intelligence. Science, 381(6654), 187–192.
- A33 — Eloundou, T., Manning, S., Mishkin, P., & Rock, D. (2024). GPTs are GPTs: Labor market impact potential of LLMs. Science, 384(6702), 1306–1308.
- A34 — Acemoglu, D., & Restrepo, P. (2020). The wrong kind of AI? Artificial intelligence and the future of labor demand. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 13(1), 25–35.
IA e viés em modelos de linguagem
- R617 — Lee, M. H. J., Montgomery, J. M., & Lai, C. K. (2024). Large language models portray socially subordinate groups as more homogeneous, consistent with a bias observed in humans. Proceedings of the 2024 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (FAccT '24), 1321–1340. (Cross-listed: also relevant in section 07. Corrected per addendum item 7.)
Viés algorítmico
- R555 — Buolamwini, J., & Gebru, T. (2018). Gender shades: Intersectional accuracy disparities in commercial gender classification. Proceedings of Machine Learning Research, 81, 1–15. (Cross-listed: also relevant in section 07.)
17. Inovação, criatividade e resolução de problemas
Esta secção reúne fontes sobre teoria da inovação, fixidez funcional, problemas de insight, a síndrome do Não-Inventado-Aqui, o efeito IKEA, a difusão de inovações e a criatividade. Estreitamente ligada à secção 13 (Especialização) e à secção 04 (Perceção). Relevante para as discussões da PEM sobre a fixidez funcional na execução, a armadilha do Não-Inventado-Aqui na delegação, o efeito IKEA na valorização da execução pessoal e como a compreensão se traduz em soluções inovadoras.
Livros
- R201 — Smith, A. (1776). The Wealth of Nations. W. Strahan and T. Cadell.
- R202 — Wright, R. (2000). Nonzero: The Logic of Human Destiny. Pantheon Books.
- R203 — Heffernan, M. (2011). Willful Blindness: Why We Ignore the Obvious at Our Peril. Walker & Company.
- R204 — Chesterton, G. K. (1929). The Thing: Why I Am a Catholic. Sheed & Ward.
- R205 — Burke, E. (1790). Reflections on the Revolution in France. J. Dodsley.
- R206 — Hayek, F. A. (1988). The Fatal Conceit: The Errors of Socialism. University of Chicago Press.
- R207 — Jacobs, J. (1961). The Death and Life of Great American Cities. Random House.
- R208 — Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of Innovations (5th ed.). Free Press.
- R209 — Morozov, E. (2013). To Save Everything, Click Here: The Folly of Technological Solutionism. PublicAffairs.
- R210 — Sveiby, K. E., Gripenberg, P., & Segercrantz, B. (Eds.). (2012). Challenging the Innovation Paradigm. Routledge.
- R211 — Godin, B. (2015). Innovation Contested: The Idea of Innovation over the Centuries. Routledge.
- R212 — Mazzucato, M. (2013). The Entrepreneurial State: Debunking Public vs. Private Sector Myths. Anthem Press.
- R213 — Hightower, J. (1973). Hard Tomatoes, Hard Times. Schenkman Publishing.
- R214 — Godin, B., & Vinck, D. (Eds.). (2017). Critical Studies of Innovation: Alternative Approaches to the Pro-Innovation Bias. Edward Elgar Publishing.
- R650 — Chesbrough, H. W. (2003). Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology. Harvard Business School Press.
- R652 — Morison, E. E. (1966). Men, Machines, and Modern Times. MIT Press.
- R569 — Weisberg, R. W. (2006). Creativity: Understanding Innovation in Problem Solving, Science, Invention, and the Arts. John Wiley & Sons.
Artigos, estudos e capítulos
Fixidez funcional e insight
- R564 — Duncker, K. (1945). On problem-solving. Psychological Monographs, 58(5), i–113.
- R565 — German, T. P., & Defeyter, M. A. (2000). Immunity to functional fixedness in young children. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 7(4), 707–712.
- R566 — German, T. P., & Barrett, H. C. (2005). Functional fixedness in a technologically sparse culture. Psychological Science, 16(1), 1–5. (Cross-listed: also relevant in section 18.)
- R567 — Glucksberg, S., & Danks, J. H. (1968). Effects of discriminative labels and of nonsense labels upon availability of novel function. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 7, 72–76.
- R568 — McCaffrey, T. (2012). Innovation relies on the obscure: A key to overcoming the classic problem of functional fixedness. Psychological Science, 23(3), 215–218.
- R570 — Ohlsson, S. (2011). Insight. In Deep Learning: How the Mind Overrides Experience (pp. 79–116). Cambridge University Press.
Síndrome do Não-Inventado-Aqui
- R646 — Katz, R., & Allen, T. J. (1982). Investigating the Not Invented Here (NIH) syndrome. R&D Management, 12(1), 7–20.
- R647 — Antons, D., & Piller, F. T. (2015). Opening the black box of "Not Invented Here." Academy of Management Perspectives, 29(2), 193–217.
- R648 — Lichtenthaler, U., & Ernst, H. (2006). Attitudes to externally organizing knowledge management tasks. R&D Management, 36(4), 367–386.
- R649 — Allen, T. J., Katz, R., Grady, J. J., & Slavin, N. (1988). Project team aging and performance. R&D Management, 18(4), 295–308.
- R653 — Huston, L., & Sakkab, N. (2006). Connect and develop: Inside Procter & Gamble's new model for innovation. Harvard Business Review on Innovation (pp. 33–56). Harvard Business School Press.
Difusão de inovações
- R793 — Rogers, E. M. (1962). Diffusion of Innovations. Free Press.
- R794 — Ram, S., & Sheth, J. N. (1989). Consumer resistance to innovations. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 6(2), 5–14.
- R795 — Abrahamson, E. (1996). Management fashion. Academy of Management Review, 21(1), 254–285.
- R796 — Greenhalgh, T., Robert, G., Macfarlane, F., Bate, P., & Kyriakidou, O. (2004). Diffusion of innovations in service organizations. Milbank Quarterly, 82(4), 581–629.
O efeito IKEA
- R651 — Norton, M. I., Mochon, D., & Ariely, D. (2012). The IKEA effect: When labor leads to love. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 22(3), 453–460.
- R957 — Wang, M., Rieger, M. O., & Hens, T. (2016). How time preferences differ. Journal of Economic Psychology, 52, 115–135.
- R958 — Sarstedt, M., Neubert, D., & Barth, K. (2016). The IKEA effect: A conceptual replication. Journal of Marketing Behavior, 2(1), 56–67.
- R959 — Franke, N., Schreier, M., & Kaiser, U. (2010). The "I designed it myself" effect in mass customization. Management Science, 56(1), 125–140.
- R960 — Marsh, L. E., Gil, J., & Kanngiesser, P. (2022). The IKEA effect across cultures. Developmental Psychology.
- R961 — Belk, R. (1988). Possessions and the extended self. Journal of Consumer Research, 15, 139–168.
18. Filosofia, ciência e epistemologia
Esta secção reúne fontes sobre filosofia e história da ciência, epistemologia, a crise da reprodutibilidade, resistência à descoberta científica e textos filosóficos basilares. Estreitamente ligada à secção 01 (vieses basilares). Relevante para a ênfase da PEM na triangulação, confiança calibrada, procura de refutação, o reflexo de Semmelweis, a crise da reprodutibilidade como modelo de viés em sistemas estabelecidos e os fundamentos filosóficos da distinção "Informação vs. Compreensão".
Livros
- R151 — Kuhn, T. S. (1962). The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. University of Chicago Press.
- R154 — Chambers, C. (2017). The Seven Deadly Sins of Psychology: A Manifesto for Reforming the Culture of Scientific Practice. Princeton University Press.
- R155 — Proctor, R. N., & Schiebinger, L. (Eds.). (2008). Agnotology: The Making and Unmaking of Ignorance. Stanford University Press.
- R156 — Nuland, S. B. (2003). The Doctors' Plague: Germs, Childbed Fever, and the Strange Story of Ignác Semmelweis. W. W. Norton.
- R157 — Sagan, C. (1995). The Demon-Haunted World: Science as a Candle in the Dark. Random House.
- R158 — Shermer, M. (2011). The Believing Brain. Times Books.
- R159 — Hyman, R. (1989). The Elusive Quarry: A Scientific Appraisal of Psychical Research. Prometheus Books.
- R160 — Sober, E. (2015). Ockham's Razors: A User's Manual. Cambridge University Press.
- R217 — Maslow, A. (1966). The Psychology of Science: A Reconnaissance. Harper & Row. (Cross-listed: also relevant in section 05.)
- R249 — Plato. (~370 BCE). Phaedrus. (Various translations available.)
- R250 — Bacon, F. (1620). Novum Organum.
- R251 — Cicero. (45 BCE). De Natura Deorum [On the Nature of the Gods].
- R252 — Beyerstein, B. L. (1996). Graphology. In G. Stein (Ed.), The Encyclopedia of the Paranormal. Prometheus Books.
- R926 — McCosh, J. (1879). The method of the divine government. In Logic of the Sciences.
Artigos, estudos e capítulos
Reprodutibilidade e meta-ciência
- R444 — Open Science Collaboration. (2015). Estimating the reproducibility of psychological science. Science, 349(6251), aac4716.
- R450 — Ioannidis, J. P. (2005). Why most published research findings are false. PLoS Medicine, 2(8), e124.
- R451 — Munafò, M. R., et al. (2017). A manifesto for reproducible science. Nature Human Behaviour, 1, 0021.
Resistência à descoberta científica (reflexo de Semmelweis)
- R468 — Barber, B. (1961). Resistance by scientists to scientific discovery. Science, 134(3479), 596–602.
- R469 — Kahan, D. M. (2013). Ideology, motivated reasoning, and cognitive reflection. Judgment and Decision Making, 8(4), 407–424.
- R470 — Campanario, J. M. (2009). Rejecting and resisting Nobel class discoveries: Accounts by Nobel Laureates. Scientometrics, 81(2), 549–565.
- R471 — Gross, M., & McGoey, L. (2015). Introduction. In Routledge International Handbook of Ignorance Studies (pp. 1–14). Routledge.
19. Cultura, sociedade, política e história
Esta secção reúne fontes sobre cultura e cognição, psicologia intercultural, análise política e histórica, declinismo, psicologia do boato, sorte moral, o efeito placebo e estudos de caso históricos. Estreitamente ligada à secção 06 (Psicologia social) e à secção 07 (Relações intergrupais). Relevante para o tratamento que a PEM dá à variação cultural dos vieses, ao declinismo no contexto macro, à sorte moral e ao viés de resultado, ao efeito placebo como evidência da interação mente-corpo e à atuação em períodos de transição histórica.
Livros
- R125 — O'Connor, C., & Weatherall, J. O. (2019). The Misinformation Age: How False Beliefs Spread. Yale University Press.
- R168 — Rosling, H., Rosling, O., & Rönnlund, A. R. (2018). Factfulness: Ten Reasons We're Wrong About the World—and Why Things Are Better Than You Think. Flatiron Books.
- R169 — Joffe, J. (2014). The Myth of America's Decline: Politics, Economics, and a Half Century of False Prophecies. Liveright.
- R170 — Spengler, O. (1926). The Decline of the West. Alfred A. Knopf. (Original work published 1918.)
- R171 — Herman, A. (1997). The Idea of Decline in Western History. Free Press.
- R172 — Barnett, C. (1986). The Audit of War: The Illusion and Reality of Britain as a Great Nation. Macmillan.
- R175 — Evans-Pritchard, E. E. (1937). Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic Among the Azande. Oxford University Press.
- R177 — Nisbett, R. E. (2003). The Geography of Thought: How Asians and Westerners Think Differently... and Why. Free Press.
- R178 — Mead, M. (1928). Coming of Age in Samoa. William Morrow.
- R179 — Freeman, D. (1983). Margaret Mead and Samoa: The Making and Unmaking of an Anthropological Myth. Harvard University Press.
- R180 — Foucault, M. (1975). Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. Gallimard.
- R181 — Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture's Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations Across Nations (2nd ed.). Sage Publications.
- R186 — Levy, N. (2011). Hard Luck: How Luck Undermines Free Will and Moral Responsibility. Oxford University Press.
- R187 — Williams, B. (1981). Moral Luck: Philosophical Papers 1973-1980. Cambridge University Press.
- R188 — Nussbaum, M. (1986). The Fragility of Goodness: Luck and Ethics in Greek Tragedy and Philosophy. Cambridge University Press.
- R189 — Benedetti, F. (2014). Placebo Effects: Understanding the Mechanisms in Health and Disease (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
- R190 — Kaptchuk, T. J., & Miller, F. G. (2018). Placebo Effects in Medicine: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. Springer.
- R191 — Kirsch, I. (2010). The Emperor's New Drugs: Exploding the Antidepressant Myth. Basic Books.
- R223 — Bergstrom, C. T., & West, J. D. (2020). Calling Bullshit: The Art of Skepticism in a Data-Driven World. Random House.
- R224 — Davis, N. Z. (1983). The Return of Martin Guerre. Harvard University Press.
- R225 — McWhinnie, D. (1974). The Tichborne Claimant: The Greatest Fraud of the Victorian Age. Routledge.
- R255 — Calder, A. (1991). The Myth of the Blitz. Jonathan Cape.
- R922 — Lewis, C. S. (1955). Surprised by Joy. Harcourt.
Artigos, estudos e capítulos
Efeito placebo
- R607 — Beecher, H. K. (1955). The powerful placebo. Journal of the American Medical Association, 159(17), 1602–1606.
- R608 — Hróbjartsson, A., & Gøtzsche, P. C. (2001). Is the placebo powerless? New England Journal of Medicine, 344(21), 1594–1602.
- R609 — Kaptchuk, T. J., et al. (2010). Placebos without deception: A randomized controlled trial in irritable bowel syndrome. PLOS ONE, 5(12), e15591.
- R610 — Hall, K. T., et al. (2012). Catechol-O-methyltransferase val158met polymorphism predicts placebo effect in irritable bowel syndrome. PLOS ONE, 7(10), e48135.
- R611 — Moseley, J. B., et al. (2002). A controlled trial of arthroscopic surgery for osteoarthritis of the knee. New England Journal of Medicine, 347(2), 81–88.
- R612 — Hall, K. T., & Kaptchuk, T. J. (2015). Genetic biomarkers of placebo response. In L. Colloca (Ed.), Placebo and Pain (pp. 245–260). Academic Press.
Psicologia do boato
- R239 — DiFonzo, N., & Bordia, P. (2007). Rumor Psychology: Social and Organizational Approaches. American Psychological Association.
- R240 — Allport, G. W., & Postman, L. (1947). The Psychology of Rumor. Henry Holt and Company.
- R241 — Shibutani, T. (1966). Improvised News: A Sociological Study of Rumor. Bobbs-Merrill.
- R242 — Kapferer, J. N. (1990). Rumors: Uses, Interpretations, and Images. Transaction Publishers.
- R243 — Fine, G. A. (1992). Manufacturing Tales: Sex and Money in Contemporary Legends. University of Tennessee Press.
Sorte moral
- R766 — Nagel, T. (1979). Moral luck. In Mortal Questions (pp. 24–38). Cambridge University Press.
- R767 — Kneer, M., & Machery, E. (2019). No luck for moral luck. Cognition, 182, 331–348.
- R768 — Knobe, J. (2003). Intentional action and side effects in ordinary language. Analysis, 63(3), 190–194.
- R769 — Zimmerman, M. (2002). Taking luck seriously. Journal of Philosophy, 99(11), 553–576.
- R770 — Elchardus, M., & Spruyt, B. (2016). Populism, persistent republicanism and declinism. Government and Opposition, 51(1), 111–133.
- R771 — Eibach, R. P., & Libby, L. K. (2009). Ideology of the good old days. In J. T. Jost, A. C. Kay, & H. Thorisdottir (Eds.), Social and Psychological Bases of Ideology and System Justification (pp. 402–423). Oxford University Press.
Cultura e cognição
- R920 — Nisbett, R. E., et al. (2001). Culture and systems of thought: Holistic versus analytic cognition. Psychological Review, 108(2), 291–310.
20. Imprensa, desinformação e ambiente de informação
Esta secção reúne fontes sobre os efeitos dos meios de comunicação, a desinformação e a sua correção, bolhas de filtro, a economia da atenção e o ambiente de informação. Estreitamente ligada à secção 08 (Persuasão) e à secção 06 (Psicologia social). Relevante para o enquadramento do "Contexto Macro" da PEM — a passagem da Economia da Atenção para a Economia da Confiança —, o efeito de verdade ilusória, a saturação de conteúdos e o papel dos meios de comunicação na formação da perceção e da confiança.
Livros
- R126 — Lewandowsky, S., & Cook, J. (2020). The Debunking Handbook 2020. University of Queensland.
- R127 — Pariser, E. (2011). The Filter Bubble: What the Internet Is Hiding from You. Penguin Press.
- R130 — Carr, N. (2010). The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains. W. W. Norton.
- R131 — Perloff, R. M. (2014). The Dynamics of Persuasion: Communication and Attitudes in the 21st Century (5th ed.). Routledge. (Cross-listed: also relevant in section 08.)
- R132 — Bryant, J., & Oliver, M. B. (Eds.). (2009). Media Effects: Advances in Theory and Research (3rd ed.). Routledge.
- R133 — McQuail, D. (2010). McQuail's Mass Communication Theory (6th ed.). SAGE Publications.
- R134 — Mackay, C. (1841). Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds. Richard Bentley.
- R135 — Surowiecki, J. (2004). The Wisdom of Crowds. Doubleday.
- R167 — Crystal, D. (2008). Txtng: The Gr8 Db8. Oxford University Press.
- R58 — Sunstein, C. R. (2017). #Republic: Divided Democracy in the Age of Social Media. Princeton University Press.
Artigos, estudos e capítulos
Desinformação e correção
- R465 — Lewandowsky, S., Ecker, U. K. H., Seifert, C. M., Schwarz, N., & Cook, J. (2012). Misinformation and its correction. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 13(3), 106–131.
- R466 — Walter, N., & Murphy, S. T. (2018). How to unring the bell: A meta-analytic approach to correction of misinformation. Communication Monographs, 85(3), 423–441.
- R467 — Ecker, U. K. H., Lewandowsky, S., & Tang, D. T. W. (2010). Explicit warnings reduce but do not eliminate the continued influence of misinformation. Memory & Cognition, 38(8), 1087–1100. (Cross-listed: also relevant in section 01.)
Opinião pública e propagação de informação
- R182 — Noelle-Neumann, E. (1984). The Spiral of Silence: Public Opinion—Our Social Skin. University of Chicago Press. (Cross-listed: also relevant in section 06.)
- R96 — Lippmann, W. (1922). Public Opinion. Harcourt, Brace and Company. (Cross-listed: also relevant in section 06.)